Three novel patients derived BCR/ABL mutants show different sensitivity to second and third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors

BCR/ABL (Breakpoint Cluster Region protein/Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1) kinase domain (KD) mutations represent the most frequently described mechanism of resistance to the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Mutations may impair TKI activity by directly or indirectly impairing the drug binding to the protein. We report the discovery of three new BCR/ABL mutations, L248R, T315V, and F317R identified in two patients with CML (L248R and T315V) and in one patient with Ph1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (F317R). Mutations were screened against second-generation (bosutinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib), as well as third-generation TKIs (ponatinib/AP-24534 and DCC-2036). Furthermore, the activity profile of ponatinib and DCC-2036 against a panel of 24 clinically relevant BCR/ABL mutants is presented and compared to the other TKIs. The IC50 values for each TKI against the mutants and the IC50 increase over wild type BCR/ABL (relative resistance, RR) were calculated to define four resistance levels: sensitive (RR 2), moderately resistant (2 < RR 4), resistant (4 < RR 10), or highly resistant (RR > 10). L248R and T315V showed high resistance to imatinib, bosutinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib, intermediate resistance to ponatinib, but were sensitive to DCC-2036. Interestingly, F317R showed a moderate resistance to imatinib and nilotinib, but is resistant/highly resistant to dasatinib, bosutinib, ponatinib, and DCC-2036. The availability of drugs activity profiles may become a useful tool for clinicians dealing with the treatment of drug-resistant CML patients