Acceptability and feasibility of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training implemented in the Italian National Health System

The Caregiver Skills Training programme is an evidence-informed group intervention developed by the World Health Organization to counter the treatment gap for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. We examined feasibility and acceptability of Caregiver Skills Training in public child neuropsychiatry services in Italy. Following a formative adaptation process and a pre-pilot implementation, the programme was piloted in six centres. Caregivers of children (2–5 years) with autism spectrum disorder were randomised to either Caregiver Skills Training (n = 43) or treatment as usual (n = 43). Professionals’ and caregivers’ experiences in the treatment arm were examined with focus groups and questionnaires. The programme was largely considered acceptable, relevant and feasible. Specific implementation challenges and suggestions for optimising the package are discussed. Lay abstract: Across the globe, children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, have limited access to care through public services. To improve access to care the World Health Organization developed a novel, open-access programme: the Caregiver Skills Training programme. The Caregiver Skills Training consists of nine group sessions and three individual home visits, focused on training the caregiver on how to use everyday play and home routines as opportunities for learning and development. We implemented Caregiver Skills Training in public child neuropsychiatry services in Italy and examined with questionnaires and focus groups how feasible it was to deliver the programme in public health settings and how acceptable and relevant it was for caregiver users. We found that the Caregiver Skills Training was largely considered acceptable and relevant for families and feasible to deliver. We discuss potential solutions to address the specific implementation challenges that were identified, such as strategies to improve training of interventionists and overcome barriers to caregiver participation.