The Simons Observatory (SO) will observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The observatory consists of three 0.5m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT), covering six frequency bands centering around 30, 40, 90, 150, 230, and 280 GHz. The SO observations will transform our understanding of our universe by characterizing the properties of the early universe, measuring the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, improving our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constraining the properties of cosmic reionization.1 As a critical instrument, the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) is designed to cool ∼60,000 transition-edge sensors (TES)2 to <100mK on a 1.7m diameter focal plane. The unprecedented scale of the LATR drives a complex design.3-5 In this paper, We will first provide an overview of the LATR design. Integration and validation of the LATR design is discussed in detail, including mechanical strength, optical alignment, and cryogenic performance of the five cryogenic stages (80 K, 40 K, 4 K, 1 K, and 100 mK). We will also discuss the microwave-multiplexing (μMux) readout system implemented in the LATR and demonstrate operation of dark, prototype TES bolometers. The μMux readout technology enables one coaxial loop to read out Ο(103) TES detectors. Its implementation within the LATR serves as a critical validation for the complex RF chain design. The successful validation of the LATR performance is not only a critical milestone within the Simons Observatory, it also provides a valuable reference for other experiments, e.g. CCAT-prime6 and CMB-S4.7, 8
Xu, Z., Bhandarkar, T., Coppi, G., Kofman, A., Orlowski-Scherer, J., Zhu, N., et al. (2020). The Simons Observatory: The Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) integration and validation results. In Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X 2020. SPIE [10.1117/12.2576151].
The Simons Observatory: The Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) integration and validation results
Coppi G.;Nati F.;
2020
Abstract
The Simons Observatory (SO) will observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The observatory consists of three 0.5m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT), covering six frequency bands centering around 30, 40, 90, 150, 230, and 280 GHz. The SO observations will transform our understanding of our universe by characterizing the properties of the early universe, measuring the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, improving our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constraining the properties of cosmic reionization.1 As a critical instrument, the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) is designed to cool ∼60,000 transition-edge sensors (TES)2 to <100mK on a 1.7m diameter focal plane. The unprecedented scale of the LATR drives a complex design.3-5 In this paper, We will first provide an overview of the LATR design. Integration and validation of the LATR design is discussed in detail, including mechanical strength, optical alignment, and cryogenic performance of the five cryogenic stages (80 K, 40 K, 4 K, 1 K, and 100 mK). We will also discuss the microwave-multiplexing (μMux) readout system implemented in the LATR and demonstrate operation of dark, prototype TES bolometers. The μMux readout technology enables one coaxial loop to read out Ο(103) TES detectors. Its implementation within the LATR serves as a critical validation for the complex RF chain design. The successful validation of the LATR performance is not only a critical milestone within the Simons Observatory, it also provides a valuable reference for other experiments, e.g. CCAT-prime6 and CMB-S4.7, 8
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