Three-dimensional Distribution Map of Hi Gas and Galaxies around an Enormous Lyα Nebula and Three QSOs at z = 2.3 Revealed by the Hi Tomographic Mapping Technique

We present an IGM H i tomographic map in a survey volume of 16 × 19 × 131 h-3 commoving Mpc3 (cMpc3) centered at MAMMOTH-1 nebula and three neighboring quasars at z = 2.3. The MAMMOTH-1 nebula is an enormous Lyα nebula (ELAN), hosted by a type-II quasar dubbed MAMMOTH1-QSO, that extends over 1 h-1 cMpc with no clear physical origin. Here we investigate the H i-gas distribution around MAMMOTH1-QSO with the ELAN and three neighboring type-I quasars, making the IGM H i tomographic map with a spatial resolution of 2.6 h -1 cMpc. Our H i tomographic map is reconstructed with H i Lyα forest absorption of bright background objects at z = 2.4-2.9: one eBOSS quasar and 16 Keck/LRIS galaxy spectra. We estimate the radial profile of H i overdensity for MAMMOTH1-QSO, and find that MAMMOTH1-QSO resides in a volume with fairly weak H i absorption. This suggests that MAMMOTH1-QSO may have a proximity zone where quasar illuminates and photoionizes the surrounding H i gas and suppresses H i absorption, and that the ELAN is probably a photoionized cloud embedded in the cosmic web. The H i radial profile of MAMMOTH1-QSO is very similar to those of three neighboring type-I quasars at z = 2.3, which is compatible with the AGN unification model. We compare the distributions of the H i absorption and star-forming galaxies in our survey volume, and identify a spatial offset between density peaks of star-forming galaxies and H i gas. This segregation may suggest anisotropic UV background radiation created by star-forming galaxy density fluctuations.