Metal oxide NPs, abundantly used in industrial nanotech devices, have been previously tested in vitro. Besides, lack of information exists in associating their cytotoxicity to the differential capacity to interact with cell structures. In this research human pulmonary cells, A549, were exposed to CuO and TiO2 NPs to analyse their effects on cell viability and cell cycle, and their oxidative potential. Ultrastructural analysis evidenced cell–particle interactions and morphological modifications. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM), by probing organelles, membranes, ROS and nuclei, was able to couple NPs biological effects with their intracellular localization by confocal reflection contrast TiO2 produced not significant effects, while CuO induced heavy cytotoxicity. Cell viability diminished in dose- and time-dependent manner, oxidative stress and the frequency of cells arrested in G2/M transition phase significantly augmented, as confirmed by the altered microtubules assembly, which failed to form the spindle. The soluble fraction of CuO NP suspensions did not induce comparable effects. Such strong cytotoxic and genotoxic responses to CuO did not seem related to the amount of NP internalized in cells, as shown by LSM. TiO2 abundantly adhered and penetrated the cells in clusters ranging in hundreds nm. Such clusters generated at cell membrane level and were usually internalized by phagocytic machinery, and they were always found associated to the membrane systems. CuO showed high biological reactivity, and cell membranes displayed instability and lyses. CuO was often observed in cells in a very finely dispersed manner, while clusters were detected only rarely. At ultrastructural level CuO NPs were present in membrane bound vacuoles, free in the cytoplasm, in mitochondria and sporadically in the nuclei too. CuO and TiO2 behaved similarly in water suspension, but greatly differed when in the presence of cells: their different surface reactivity and internalization processes brought to different biochemical responses and toxicological outputs.
Mantecca, P., Moschini, E., Gualtieri, M., Longhin, E., Fascio, U., Camatini, M. (2010). Comparative toxicity of copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles on human alveolar epithelial cells. In Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Toxicology (pp.282-282). Elsevier [10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1154].
Comparative toxicity of copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles on human alveolar epithelial cells
MANTECCA, PARIDE;MOSCHINI, ELISA;GUALTIERI, MAURIZIO;LONGHIN, ELEONORA MARTA;CAMATINI, MARINA CARLA
2010
Abstract
Metal oxide NPs, abundantly used in industrial nanotech devices, have been previously tested in vitro. Besides, lack of information exists in associating their cytotoxicity to the differential capacity to interact with cell structures. In this research human pulmonary cells, A549, were exposed to CuO and TiO2 NPs to analyse their effects on cell viability and cell cycle, and their oxidative potential. Ultrastructural analysis evidenced cell–particle interactions and morphological modifications. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM), by probing organelles, membranes, ROS and nuclei, was able to couple NPs biological effects with their intracellular localization by confocal reflection contrast TiO2 produced not significant effects, while CuO induced heavy cytotoxicity. Cell viability diminished in dose- and time-dependent manner, oxidative stress and the frequency of cells arrested in G2/M transition phase significantly augmented, as confirmed by the altered microtubules assembly, which failed to form the spindle. The soluble fraction of CuO NP suspensions did not induce comparable effects. Such strong cytotoxic and genotoxic responses to CuO did not seem related to the amount of NP internalized in cells, as shown by LSM. TiO2 abundantly adhered and penetrated the cells in clusters ranging in hundreds nm. Such clusters generated at cell membrane level and were usually internalized by phagocytic machinery, and they were always found associated to the membrane systems. CuO showed high biological reactivity, and cell membranes displayed instability and lyses. CuO was often observed in cells in a very finely dispersed manner, while clusters were detected only rarely. At ultrastructural level CuO NPs were present in membrane bound vacuoles, free in the cytoplasm, in mitochondria and sporadically in the nuclei too. CuO and TiO2 behaved similarly in water suspension, but greatly differed when in the presence of cells: their different surface reactivity and internalization processes brought to different biochemical responses and toxicological outputs.
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