Thinking of school as a pluriverse, which comprises several subsystems which interact with one another and several groups of subjects that find themselves communicating in order to carry on the primary task for which school exists as an institution, immediately means entering a complex perspective. ‘’Every school, like every institution, is characterized by an “affective culture” of its own which orients how it works, the way it proposes the formative offering and its internal dynamics.’’ (Lancini, 2015, p. 151). Every organization, which concretely translates an institution, is the bearer of objectives and projects of development implemented through explicit and tacit decision-making processes, oriented by theoretical approaches and cultural models with which different affective codes are closely connected: these may coexist or be conflicting and often alternate. Professionalism in educating must recognize mindsets, to become aware that subjects do not act in a void, but from contexts that precede them and in which there exist given rules, some explicit and other implicit or unspoken, including at emotive level, to be deconstructed so that they do not remain fixed forever. Different categories of people – pupils, teachers, head teachers and non-teaching staff – enter school every day, alongside the families and the various experts and/or local operators. Each of these components has needs, desires, emotions, expectations, fears and anxieties, which mould the way the subjects inhabit and interpret the institutional and organizational roles and condition and create the psychological climate of the organization as a whole. There is often a great deal of unawareness by teachers of the emotional tangle that pupils transfer on to them. Gaining awareness of the relational, affective and emotional dimensions becomes necessary because they exist and create currents which are hidden to varying degrees and have a great impact on learning and cognitive development. Learning how to manage the presence of emotions in the teaching-learning process is also necessary, because if they are recognized and they are allowed to appear, growth, development and learning are generated. If, on the other hand, their expressivity is blocked, there is a tendency to take up a defensive position out of a fear of having to manage warm and captivating relations, and there is certainly the risk of a cognitive and psychic blockage. The new generations have a different relationship to study and learning processes (Savin-Baden, 2015), especially with regard to a written text, now an area of research in recent neurobiological studies. “The threshold of mental suffering, boredom and sadness that can be experienced in the solitude of the room” has now been greatly lowered. The adolescent digital natives do not put up with the suffering, even minimal, that the experience of studying and learning in the solitude of a room inevitably entails” (Lancini, 2014). The training of teachers should thus really go beyond the technical and procedural dimensions (Groenke S. L., Hatch, 2009; Riva, 2008; Rossi, 2004), although these are important; it should finally put at the centre the fact that, to learn and become competent, the tempos and rhythms of the subjects have to be respected, their inclinations to express their desire to live and know have to be accepted. There has to be a readiness to no longer deny the negative and lethal role played by individual and institutional defences against the inescapable presence of attachments and emotions in places of learning and work. School has to be accepted as part of life and no longer separate from it, as though the vital dimension of existence were a contagious danger for school. In short, teacher training should create the conditions for an ‘’happy’’ learning (Bonetta, 2014)

Pensare alla scuola come a un pluriverso, che comprende più sottosistemi in interazione fra loro e più gruppi di soggetti, che si ritrovano a comunicare per portare avanti il compito primario per cui la scuola esiste come istituzione, significa immediatamente entrare in un’ottica complessa. ‘’Ogni scuola, come ogni istituzione, è caratterizzata da una propria ‘cultura affettiva’ che ne orienta il funzionamento, il modo di proporre l’offerta formativa e le dinamiche interne.’’ (Lancini, 2015, p. 151). Ogni organizzazione, che traduce in concreto l’istituzione, è portatrice di obiettivi e di progetti di sviluppo implementati attraverso processi decisionali, espliciti e taciti, orientati da approcci teorici e modelli culturali cui ineriscono codici affettivi differenti, che convivono o configgono, spesso alternandosi. La professionalità educativa deve riconoscere le mentalità, per prendere coscienza che i soggetti non agiscono nel vuoto, ma a partire da contesti che ci precedono e in cui esistono delle regole date, alcune esplicite altre implicite o non dette, anche a livello emotivo, da decostruire per non ritenerle fissate per sempre. Nella scuola confluiscono ogni giorno, per molte ore e per molti mesi, categorie diverse di persone – allievi e allieve, insegnanti, dirigenti, personale non docente – a cui si devono affiancare le famiglie e i diversi esperti e/o operatori del territorio. Ognuna di queste componenti è portatrice di bisogni, desideri, emozioni, aspettative, paure, angosce, ansie, che plasmano il modo in cui i soggetti abitano e interpretano i ruoli istituzionali e organizzativi e condizionano, creano il clima psicologico dell’organizzazione nel suo complesso. Spesso vi è molta inconsapevolezza, da parte degli insegnanti, del groviglio emotivo che gli studenti riversano su di essi. Diventa necessario acquisire consapevolezza delle dimensioni relazionali, affettive ed emozionali perché esistono, creano correnti più o meno sotterranee che incidono moltissimo sull’apprendimento e sullo sviluppo cognitivo. Occorre anche imparare a gestire la presenza delle emozioni nei processi di insegnamento-apprendimento, perché se esse vengono riconosciute e si permette loro di manifestarsi si genera crescita, sviluppo, apprendimento. Se invece si blocca la loro espressività, ci si arrocca in modo difensivo per paura di trovarsi a gestire relazioni calde e coinvolgenti, per certo si rischia il blocco cognitivo e psichico. Le nuove generazioni hanno un diverso rapporto con lo studio e i processi di apprendimento (Savin-Baden, 2015), specie di fronte al testo scritto, divenuti area di ricerca delle recenti ricerche neurobiologiche. Si è ora ‘’abbassata moltissimo la soglia di dolore mentale, noia e tristezza sperimentabili nella solitudine della stanza’’. Gli adolescenti navigati non tollerano la sofferenza, anche minima, che l’esperienza dello studio e dell’apprendere nella solitudine della stanza inevitabilmente comporta’’ (Lancini, 2014). La formazione degli insegnanti dovrebbe così, per davvero, andare oltre le dimensioni tecniche e procedurali (Groenke S. L., Hatch, 2009; Riva, 2008; Rossi, 2004), pure importanti, mettendo finalmente al centro la constatazione che per apprendere e diventare competenti occorre rispettare i tempi e i ritmi dei soggetti, accogliere le loro giuste propensioni a esprimere il desiderio di vita e di sapere, disporsi a non negare più il ruolo negativo e mortifero svolto dalle difese individuali e istituzionali contro la ineludibile presenza degli affetti e delle emozioni nei luoghi di apprendimento e di lavoro, accettare che la scuola è vita e non separarla più come se la dimensione vitale dell’esistenza fosse un pericolo contagioso per la scuola. Insomma, dovrebbe creare le condizioni per un apprendimento felice (Bonetta, 2014)

Riva, M. (2015). La scuola come sistema di relazioni, emozioni e affetti. In ascolto della vita emotiva. PEDAGOGIA OGGI, 2, 21-39.

La scuola come sistema di relazioni, emozioni e affetti. In ascolto della vita emotiva

RIVA, MARIA GRAZIA
2015

Abstract

Thinking of school as a pluriverse, which comprises several subsystems which interact with one another and several groups of subjects that find themselves communicating in order to carry on the primary task for which school exists as an institution, immediately means entering a complex perspective. ‘’Every school, like every institution, is characterized by an “affective culture” of its own which orients how it works, the way it proposes the formative offering and its internal dynamics.’’ (Lancini, 2015, p. 151). Every organization, which concretely translates an institution, is the bearer of objectives and projects of development implemented through explicit and tacit decision-making processes, oriented by theoretical approaches and cultural models with which different affective codes are closely connected: these may coexist or be conflicting and often alternate. Professionalism in educating must recognize mindsets, to become aware that subjects do not act in a void, but from contexts that precede them and in which there exist given rules, some explicit and other implicit or unspoken, including at emotive level, to be deconstructed so that they do not remain fixed forever. Different categories of people – pupils, teachers, head teachers and non-teaching staff – enter school every day, alongside the families and the various experts and/or local operators. Each of these components has needs, desires, emotions, expectations, fears and anxieties, which mould the way the subjects inhabit and interpret the institutional and organizational roles and condition and create the psychological climate of the organization as a whole. There is often a great deal of unawareness by teachers of the emotional tangle that pupils transfer on to them. Gaining awareness of the relational, affective and emotional dimensions becomes necessary because they exist and create currents which are hidden to varying degrees and have a great impact on learning and cognitive development. Learning how to manage the presence of emotions in the teaching-learning process is also necessary, because if they are recognized and they are allowed to appear, growth, development and learning are generated. If, on the other hand, their expressivity is blocked, there is a tendency to take up a defensive position out of a fear of having to manage warm and captivating relations, and there is certainly the risk of a cognitive and psychic blockage. The new generations have a different relationship to study and learning processes (Savin-Baden, 2015), especially with regard to a written text, now an area of research in recent neurobiological studies. “The threshold of mental suffering, boredom and sadness that can be experienced in the solitude of the room” has now been greatly lowered. The adolescent digital natives do not put up with the suffering, even minimal, that the experience of studying and learning in the solitude of a room inevitably entails” (Lancini, 2014). The training of teachers should thus really go beyond the technical and procedural dimensions (Groenke S. L., Hatch, 2009; Riva, 2008; Rossi, 2004), although these are important; it should finally put at the centre the fact that, to learn and become competent, the tempos and rhythms of the subjects have to be respected, their inclinations to express their desire to live and know have to be accepted. There has to be a readiness to no longer deny the negative and lethal role played by individual and institutional defences against the inescapable presence of attachments and emotions in places of learning and work. School has to be accepted as part of life and no longer separate from it, as though the vital dimension of existence were a contagious danger for school. In short, teacher training should create the conditions for an ‘’happy’’ learning (Bonetta, 2014)
Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico
Schools, Emotion, Learning, Educational Relationship
Scuola, Emozioni, Apprendimento, Relazione educativa
Italian
nov-2015
2015
2
21
39
reserved
Riva, M. (2015). La scuola come sistema di relazioni, emozioni e affetti. In ascolto della vita emotiva. PEDAGOGIA OGGI, 2, 21-39.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/85635
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