The ethnographic research exposed focuses on the production of the refugee camp of Dheisha, situated in the West Bank, as a place of social construction of the memory of the period before the Diaspora and of the identity of its dwellers, through the analysis of the organization and the use of the space by refugees and the management strategies of the institutional authorities. The construction of the refugee camp as a place of memory emerges as a political arena in which different interest groups compete for the definition of the status of the refugee camp and its inhabitants. The infrastructure development and the strategies of administration and control of the space and resources in the refugee camp implemented by the Palestinian national Authority and the UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) aim at changing the local interpretation of the historical and cultural memory of the villages of origin of refugees, in order to stabilize the refugee camp as a proletarian suburb and to integrate its dwellers as citizens of the Palestinian national Authority. Facing the attempt of the Palestinian national Authority and the UNRWA to extend the Palestinian Authority’s control over the space in the refugee camp, the refugees claim its temporary nature, as a form of political opposition to keep the refugee camp as a place of memory of the refugee status and the related right of return to the occupied lands. Refugees undertake a continuous creative spatial and symbolic reproduction of the cultural and political models and ties on which the tribal organization of the “imaged communities” of their villages of origin was, once, grounded. So doing, they rebuild their social world, giving a sense to their reality of dispersion, and they claim their cultural and political specificity towards the Israeli occupation forces, the UNRWA and the Palestinian national Authority. The reinvented tribal traditions and ritual practices constitute an embodied idiom of solidarity and express claims related to the contemporary economic and political frame. The different imaginaries of the refugee camp as a “backward” place or as an expression of “cultural authenticity” reflect the construction of differences between the interest group of the urban citizens and that of the refugees, as a political strategy acted in the context of the growing competition for the material and symbolic resources in the area and their unequal distribution by the institutional authorities. The social space of Dheisha camp and its meaning are subject to change, shaped by the movements and the power relations among its inhabitants, related to the growing economic segmentation of the society in the West Bank, the institution of the Palestinian national Authority and the colonial strategies of the Israeli military forces.

La ricerca etnografica esposta riguarda la produzione del campo rifugiati di Dheisha, situato nella West Bank, come luogo di costruzione sociale della memoria del periodo precedente alla diaspora e dell’identità dei suoi abitanti, attraverso l’analisi dell’organizzazione e dell’uso dello spazio messi in atto dai rifugiati e delle strategie amministrative delle autorità istituzionali. La costruzione del campo rifugiati come luogo della memoria emerge come un’arena politica dove si dispiega la competizione tra differenti gruppi d’interesse per la definizione dello status del campo rifugiati e dei suoi abitanti. Lo sviluppo infrastrutturale, le strategie di controllo e di amministrazione dello spazio e delle risorse nel campo rifugiati implementate dall'Autorità nazionale palestinese e dall'UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) mirano al cambiamento dell’interpretazione locale della memoria storica e culturale dei villaggi d’origine dei rifugiati, per stabilizzare il campo rifugiati come sobborgo proletario ed integrare i suoi abitanti come cittadini dell’Autorità nazionale palestinese. Di fronte al tentativo dell'UNRWA e dell’Autorità nazionale palestinese di estendere il potere di quest'ultima sullo spazio del campo rifugiati, i rifugiati rivendicano la natura temporanea del campo rifugiati come una forma di opposizione politica finalizzata al mantenimento del campo come luogo della memoria dello status di rifugiato e del relativo diritto al ritorno alle terre perdute. I rifugiati mettono in atto una continua e creativa riproduzione spaziale e simbolica dei modelli culturali e politici e dei legami sui quali si basava l’organizzazione tribale delle “comunità immaginate” dei loro villaggi d’origine. In questo modo ricostruiscono il loro mondo sociale, dando senso alla loro realtà di dispersione, e rivendicano la loro specificità culturale e politica nei confronti delle forze d’occupazione israeliane, dell'UNRWA e dell’Autorità nazionale palestinese. Le reinventate tradizioni tribali e le pratiche rituali costituiscono un idioma di solidarietà incorporato ed esprimono rivendicazioni legate al contesto economico e politico contemporaneo. I differenti immaginari del campo rifugiati come luogo “arretrato” o come espressione di “autenticità culturale” riflettono la costruzione di differenze tra il gruppo d’interesse dei cittadini dell’area urbana e quello dei rifugiati, come strategia politica messa in atto nel contesto della crescente competizione per le risorse materiali e simboliche dell’area e della loro iniqua distribuzione da parte delle autorità istituzionali. Lo spazio sociale del campo di Dheisha ed il suo significato sono soggetti al cambiamento, plasmati dai movimenti e dalle relazioni di potere tra i suoi abitanti, in relazione alla crescente segmentazione economica della società nella West Bank, alla istituzione dell’Autorità nazionale palestinese ed alle strategie coloniali delle forze militari israeliane.

DE DONATO, A. (2013). Il villaggio senza tempo. Dinamiche politiche nella produzione del campo rifugiati di Dheisha (West Bank) come luogo della memoria - The Timeless Village. Political relations in the construction of the refugee camp of Dheisha (West Bank) as a place of memory -. In Memorie con-divise. Popoli, Stati e Nazioni nel Mediterraneo e in Medio Oriente (pp.5-62). Milano : Narcissus.

Il villaggio senza tempo. Dinamiche politiche nella produzione del campo rifugiati di Dheisha (West Bank) come luogo della memoria - The Timeless Village. Political relations in the construction of the refugee camp of Dheisha (West Bank) as a place of memory -

DE DONATO, ANITA
Primo
2013

Abstract

The ethnographic research exposed focuses on the production of the refugee camp of Dheisha, situated in the West Bank, as a place of social construction of the memory of the period before the Diaspora and of the identity of its dwellers, through the analysis of the organization and the use of the space by refugees and the management strategies of the institutional authorities. The construction of the refugee camp as a place of memory emerges as a political arena in which different interest groups compete for the definition of the status of the refugee camp and its inhabitants. The infrastructure development and the strategies of administration and control of the space and resources in the refugee camp implemented by the Palestinian national Authority and the UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) aim at changing the local interpretation of the historical and cultural memory of the villages of origin of refugees, in order to stabilize the refugee camp as a proletarian suburb and to integrate its dwellers as citizens of the Palestinian national Authority. Facing the attempt of the Palestinian national Authority and the UNRWA to extend the Palestinian Authority’s control over the space in the refugee camp, the refugees claim its temporary nature, as a form of political opposition to keep the refugee camp as a place of memory of the refugee status and the related right of return to the occupied lands. Refugees undertake a continuous creative spatial and symbolic reproduction of the cultural and political models and ties on which the tribal organization of the “imaged communities” of their villages of origin was, once, grounded. So doing, they rebuild their social world, giving a sense to their reality of dispersion, and they claim their cultural and political specificity towards the Israeli occupation forces, the UNRWA and the Palestinian national Authority. The reinvented tribal traditions and ritual practices constitute an embodied idiom of solidarity and express claims related to the contemporary economic and political frame. The different imaginaries of the refugee camp as a “backward” place or as an expression of “cultural authenticity” reflect the construction of differences between the interest group of the urban citizens and that of the refugees, as a political strategy acted in the context of the growing competition for the material and symbolic resources in the area and their unequal distribution by the institutional authorities. The social space of Dheisha camp and its meaning are subject to change, shaped by the movements and the power relations among its inhabitants, related to the growing economic segmentation of the society in the West Bank, the institution of the Palestinian national Authority and the colonial strategies of the Israeli military forces.
slide + paper
Refugees, memory, identity, tribal organization, space, resources
Rifugiati, memoria, identità, organizzazione tribale, spazio, risorse
Italian
Memorie con-divise: Popoli, Stati e Nazioni nel Mediterraneo e in Medio Oriente
2011
Branca, P; Demichelis, M
Memorie con-divise. Popoli, Stati e Nazioni nel Mediterraneo e in Medio Oriente
9788868552756
2013
2
5
62
http://www.sesamoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/sesamo-x-abstracts-panels.pdf
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DE DONATO, A. (2013). Il villaggio senza tempo. Dinamiche politiche nella produzione del campo rifugiati di Dheisha (West Bank) come luogo della memoria - The Timeless Village. Political relations in the construction of the refugee camp of Dheisha (West Bank) as a place of memory -. In Memorie con-divise. Popoli, Stati e Nazioni nel Mediterraneo e in Medio Oriente (pp.5-62). Milano : Narcissus.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/71869
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