Does immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy influence the outcome of patients with non-endocrine responsive breast cancer?

Background/Aim: In breast cancer (BC) patients, breast surgery followed by immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) might favour recurrences and metastases due to extensive surgical manipulation. We retrospectively investigated whether IBR after mastectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NT) influenced the outcome in patients with early and locally advanced oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative BC. Patients and Methods: Between 1995 and 2006, 133 BC patients received NT followed by total mastectomy, 59 of whom underwent IBR. Patients receiving IBR (IBR group) were compared to patients who did not receive IBR (no-IBR group) over a prolonged median follow-up time (8.2 years). Results: Patients receiving IBR were on average younger than patients not receiving IBR (p<0.001). The percentage of patients with positive clinical nodal status (cN) was 19% in the IBR group and 7% in no-IBR group (p=0.036), whereas patients without IBR were more frequently diagnosed as clinical T4 (59% vs. 15%, p<0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrences were 14% in the no-IBR group and 21% in the IBR group. The hazard of locoregional events, adjusted for age, clinical T and cN, was significantly greater in the IBR group than in the no-IBR group (hazard ratio (HR)=2.77, p=0.045). The 5-year cumulative incidences of distant metastases were similar in the two groups (p=0.414). Conclusion: IBR following total mastectomy in patients with ER-negative disease after NT is associated with a worse rate of local relapses. More insight in mechanisms of wound healing and extent of surgery is required to further investigate this observation.