Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and blood pressure regulation

Arterial hypertension is a common worldwide condition characterized by a progression toward high-risk diseases such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Arterial hypertension can be triggered by many factors, and molecules of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) play important roles in the control of blood pressure. The imbalance in the RAAS produces arterial blood pressure alterations and modulates the cardiovascular homeostasis. The use of drugs which are capable of antagonizing the enzymes and receptors of this cascade not only allows control of blood pressure but has also demonstrated additional benefits on end-organ damage and on cardiovascular continuum. Clinical trials have shown that interventions to modulate RAAS in hypertensive patients are able to lower inflammation, fibrosis, morbidity, and mortality beyond blood pressure control.