Listening to the Body: Interoceptive Awareness and Eating Disorder Vulnerability in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are relapsing–remitting gastrointestinal disorders often emerging in adolescence and frequently associated with psychiatric co-morbidities, including eating disorders (EDs). Deficiency in interoception—awareness of internal bodily sensations—is a transdiagnostic feature in EDs, with emerging evidence suggesting its relevance also in IBDs. This study aimed to assess interoceptive abilities in adolescents with IBDs compared to healthy adolescents. Methods: A total of 76 patients with IBDs and 90 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants completed a comprehensive psychometric assessment, including measures of interoceptive sensibility (MAIA-2) and eating-related symptomatology (EDI-3). Results: Up to one in six (15.8%) patients with IBDs were found to be at high risk of developing EDs (EDI-3 Eating Disorder Risk Composite scale >70th percentile). Mean MAIA-2 scores were largely comparable, with the exception of the MAIA-2 Trusting subscale, which assesses whether the experience of one’s body is rated as safe and trustworthy. Specifically, patients with IBDs at high risk of developing EDs reported lower scores than both healthy controls and patients with IBDs at low risk of developing EDs, with a statistically significant difference emerging in the comparison with the latter group (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Adolescents with IBDs who report an elevated risk of developing eating disorders have a psychological profile characterised by increased disordered eating symptomatology, accompanied by selective impairment in interoceptive trust, as evidenced by reduced trust in internal bodily signal. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of thorough clinical assessment and early psychological intervention in this vulnerable population.