Smart graphene oxide-based advanced textiles: A review of wearable smart clothing, personal thermal management, and sensor applications

Graphene oxide-based textiles are rapidly advancing as multifunctional materials for personal thermal regulation, antibacterial protection, and wearable sensing. This review provides a brief overview of recent developments in the integration of graphene oxide (GO) into textile substrates, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms driving heat management and sensing capabilities. In thermal applications, we explore how GO-modified fibres leverage Joule heating and phase-change effects to dynamically regulate surface temperature while preserving mechanical integrity. In sensing technologies, GO's high surface area and tunable electronic properties enable improved sensitivity and rapid response in detecting strain, humidity, and biochemical markers. We also address key challenges, including scalable production, wash durability, and long-term environmental stability, offering insights into material optimization and integration strategies. By critically examining current progress and technological hurdles, this review highlights the potential of GO-functionalized textiles to transform wearable systems, with promising applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and smart clothing.