Clinical performance assessment of the Papilloplex HR-HPV assay on self-taken urine and vaginal swab samples: findings from a multicentre European study

Aims Given the increasing adoption of self-sampling in cervical cancer screening, it is essential to evaluate the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in this context. The aim of the present work was to assess the accuracy of the Papilloplex high-risk (HR)-HPV test on self-taken samples. Methods Women provided a clinician-taken cervical sample (CS), a urine sample and a vaginal swab according to the VALidation of HUman papillomavirus assays and collection Devices for Self-samples and urine samples protocol. Relative sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) of the Papilloplex HR-HPV assay on self-taken samples versus CS were assessed. Additionally, type-specific concordance and viral load signals (expressed in Ct (crossing thershold) values) between the two self-taken sample types and the CS were evaluated. Results At the manufacturers' cut-off, the assay showed a relative clinical sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+of 0.95 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.03) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.03) for urine versus CS. Corresponding values for vaginal samples versus CS were 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.89). Cut-off optimisation led to relative sensitivity and specificity that included unity for vaginal swabs. Median Ct values were lower in vaginal swabs versus CS, although higher in urine versus CS samples. No relationship between mean Ct values and disease outcome was observed. Conclusions The clinical sensitivity of the Papilloplex HR-HPV test was similar on self-collected vaginal swabs and urine compared with CS; clinical specificity on urine was similar to CS yet lower on vaginal samples. Cut-off optimisation resulted in a similar assay specificity on vaginal swabs and CS with no significant detriment to sensitivity. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions.