Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Profiling in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Relationship With Disease Phenotypes

Heart failure represents the terminal stage of cardiovascular disease*with cardiac remodeling as a key pathological feature. As a core circadian clock gene*brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator- like 1,(BMAL1) not only regulates circadian rhythms but also plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling. Studies have shown that BMAL1 defi ciency leads to myocardial metabolic dysfunction*cardiomyocyte hypertrophy*activation of the inflammatory response*fibro sis*and impaired cardiac function*thereby promoting the onset and progression of heart failure. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which BMAL1 influences heart failure*with a focus on its regulatory roles in metabolism*inflammation*and fibrosis. Furthermore*we explore clinical translational potential and future prospects of correcting circadian rhythm disruption and chronotherapy in heart failure*aiming to provide new insights and directions for its treatment.