La sinergia tra sistemi locali del cibo, agroecologia e sovranità alimentare per la trasformazione decoloniale dei sistemi alimentari: le potenzialità della Resilient Local Food Supply Chains Alliance

Il cibo è spazio epistemico, politico, economico e sociale che parla e racconta dei rapporti di potere […] nel presente neoliberismo globale. […] Guardare alle pratiche attorno al cibo permette di superare dicotomie, [….] rivelando l’interconnessione profonda generata dal sistema economico e produttivo globalizzato, ma anche quella tra forme di resistenza e resilienza che ambiscono a praticare e immaginare il presente altrimenti. […] Partendo dalle prospettive di post-sviluppo e decoloniali, questa sessione si propone di esplorare "foodscapes" dinamici come spazi di frizione, resistenza e giustizia.” Congresso Geografico Italiano – Sessione 14- call for Abstract In questa prospettiva offerta dal Congresso Geografico Italiano – Sessione 14, va intesa la capacità trasformativa e di critica (tanto teoretica, epistemologica, che pratica della realtà sociale) della alleanza tra il movimento e le istanze della food sovereignty e la (radical) Agroecology (Holt-Gimenez and Altieri, 2013), e la scholarship e le istanze del movimento per Sistemi locali del Cibo (la cui messa in comunicazione non costituisce una novità prodotta dagli autori, quanto una convinzione ben radicata nella letteratura agroecology ), offrendo una interessante connessione tra una letteratura prevalentemente del nord del Mondo (quella sui Sitemi Locali del Cibo ) (Enthoven e Van den Broeck 2021), e una più squisitamente prodotta e orientata alle necessità dei paesi del Sud Globale (Agroecologia e Sovereignty) (Altieri, 2009) E’ da tale alleanza che dipende la possibilità di costruire – a livello locale e trans-locale- un countermovement per resistere e abbattere l’” hegemonic food regime” e il “gloabalized food system”. La radical agroecology (Holt-Gimenez and Altieiri, 2013:90) ha la capacità di gettare le basi per la trasformazione degli agri-food system, ponendosi al centro di un “ politically transformative peasant movement for food sovereignty. […]” mentre “local networks for agroecological practice merge(ing) with the transnational agrarian movements for food sovereignty generate massive social pressure” per smantellare i rapporti di potere (Holt-Gimenez and Altieri, 2013:90, 95) del food system globale. Partendo dalla possibilità di osservare il cibo e i paesaggi del cibo come spazi di resistenza e di produzione di istanze di giustizia (climatica, sociale, epistemologica), gli autori presentano ed esaminano l’esperienza di una altra alleanza (la Resilient Local Food Supply Chians Alliance) in quanto impegno politico trasformativo, benchè non esente da critiche e doverose problematicizzazioni; enfatizzando “the ability of local communities to generate and scale-up innovations” attraverso approcci peer-to-peer e “the need for structural support for smallholders in locally-based agroecology networks” (Holt-Gimenez and Altieiri, 2013: 97, 95)  The Resilient Local Food Supply Chain Alliance was created during the United Nations Food Systems Summit Process, when the detrimental effects of COVID-19 pandemic, growing food insecurity, and bottlenecks in food accessibility concerned governments and reoriented countries’ focus, especially African countries- to politically address these issues and the resilience of their food supply chains. In addition, the war in Ukraine exacerbated the global food and energy crises, contributing to food insecurity and the disruption of global food supply chains. Against this backdrop, the Alliance emerged as one of the UNFSS Coalitions of Actions developed to build sustainable and resilient food systems worldwide; following a Declaration of Action to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 on behalf of national governments. As a global political initiative and a diversified network of actors (where African governments are prevalent, but do not constitute the entirety of the network/initative) committed to fostering transformative change in the food and agriculture sector, the Alliance is advocating for the importance of building resilient local food supply chains and localized food systems to give the chance to local communities and territories to cope with the distortions of the global food system (environmental externalities, price-costs squeeze, skyrocketing prices of food crops, supply chains shocks, polycrises) Working primarily in 5 intervention areas: networking and advocacy, raising awareness and facilitating knowledge exchange, mobilizing resources, fostering research and innovation, the Alliance engages a wide range of stakeholders, including policymakers and local communities, to empower those leading the shift to more sustainable, resilient, efficient and effective food systems through an integrated approach that has many connections with the normative literature of Local food Systems and Agroecology, namely acting on a variety of aspects of agri-food systems: climate change adaptive practices, drought and climate resilient measures, water and soil management and replenishment, reversion and prevention of destructive land use practices, endorsement and re-discovery of nutritious underutilized species, recognize and address the inequalities in our food systems, and enabling food systems to supply national social protection systems, and, mor ein general ‘to create an enabling environment to work together, to address national, regional and global priorities for food systems transformation and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030’ (The Declaration of Committement to the Resilient Local Food Supply Chains Alliance, signed by Heads of State and Government, Regional Organisations, United Nations Agencies, Scientific Institutions, Civil Society Organisations, Academia, Private Sector, NGOs and Philanthropic Organisations, in 2022. However, the authors take advantage of the opportunity offered by the CGI to criticize the Alliance process and even more so the UN Food Summit process from wghere it stemmed, for lacking participation and incapacity to represent minorities and actually dismantle colonial power relations in the long term (Clapp, 2021; Canfield et al., 2021)