Conceptual framework for ice adhesion investigation on surfaces

The development of icephobic surface coatings relies on accurate and reproducible characterization of their properties, including ice adhesion testing. However, a reliable method to quantify ice adhesion on surfaces is still lacking. This chapter explains the different fracture mechanisms that can occur at the ice–substrate interface and provides an analysis of the horizontal push test, one of the most commonly used ice adhesion test systems. For each fracture mechanism, a specific evaluation method is developed combining experimental and numerical approaches, allowing a more accurate characterization of ice adhesion.