Opportunities for Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation to Promote Key Technologies for the Ecological Transition and Strengthen European Supply Chains

This study examines how cooperation between European and Mediterranean countries can strengthen European supply chains for key technologies essential to the ecological transition. Europe’s dependence on Asia for raw materials, especially from China, has exposed vulnerabilities in its industrial and energy sectors. This research explores how collaboration with Mediterranean countries can mitigate these risks and support Europe’s move towards cleaner energy. The study uses quantitative data from sources such as Re-source Trade and Eurostat, alongside policy analysis of the Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA). Data on trade flows, labor costs, and industrial output were analyzed and visualized to illustrate key trends. Findings show that Mediterranean countries offer significant advantages, including lower labor costs and proximity to Europe, making them ideal partners for building resilient supply chains. The existing trade of critical raw materials, such as copper, demonstrates the growing role of these countries in supporting Europe’s green transition. The NZIA has also been found to be crucial in promoting industrial cooperation. In conclusion, cooperation with Mediterranean countries is vital for Europe’s ecological transition and supply chain security, benefiting both regions economically and environmentally.