Temporal markers in a temperate ice core: insights from 3H and 137Cs profiles from the Adamello Glacier

The article discusses the use of tritium (H-3) and cesium (Cs-137) as temporal markers in ice cores extracted from temperate glaciers. We present a complete tritium profile for a 46 m ice core drilled from the Adamello Glacier, a temperate glacier in the Italian Alps, and compare it to the Cs-137 profile from the same ice core. Our analysis reveals tritium contamination between 19 and 32 m of depth, which can be attributed to the global radioactive fallout caused by atmospheric nuclear-bomb testing that took place in the 1950s and 1960s. Results show that the radioactive peak associated with 1963 does not occur at the same depth for both H-3 and Cs-137; instead, the tritium peak is 1.5 m above the cesium one. Our hypothesis is that this misalignment is caused by meltwater-induced post-depositional processes that affect Cs-137, which is more sensitive to percolation than H-3. The total inventory of Cs-137 in this ice core is also among the lowest ever reported, providing additional evidence that the presence of meltwater has affected the distribution of this radionuclide within the ice. In contrast, the total tritium inventory is comparable to what is reported in the literature, making it a more reliable temporal marker for temperate glaciers.