Legal pluralism’s perspectives and human rights challenges in marriage and divorce norms: The case of Muslims in Europe

Empirical research on Muslim family law in Europe reveals that marriage and divorce norms are informally observed and applied, particularly among various Muslim communities in European countries. Minimal state involvement has stymied regulation and intervention in these issues. While individual Muslims may seek legal recognition through civil marriages alongside religious ceremonies, this is an uncommon practice. This lack of officiality causes legal confusion and jeopardises family rights. These issues are examined in this study through the lenses of legal pluralism and human rights challenges. It discusses and considers interpretations of justice and equality in the context of Muslim marriage and divorce provisions, addresses diverse definitions and the effects of empirical legal pluralism concerning family standards, and explores social cohesion and rights issues. The complexities of defining legal pluralism, the social implications, and the influence on human rights questions are central themes in this exploration.