The article examines the consequences on the Italian limited liability company (S.r.l.) stemming, on the one hand, from the amendments made to Article 100-ter of the Consolidated Law on Finance (t.u.f.) in the context of the adaptation of the Italian legislation to the European Regulation ECSP (No. 2020/1503), and, on the other hand, from the innovations contained in the so-called "capitali" act (n. 21, march 5th, 2024). From the first point of view, the paper argues that a corrective interpretation of Article 100-ter, first paragraph, t.u.f. is necessary, which, more specifically, replaces the term also («anche») with the term exclusively («solo»). As a results, S.r.l.s would be allowed to deviate from Article 2468, first paragraph, of the Civil Code only by offering their membership interests through authorized crowdfunding platforms. Furthermore, it is then contended that the system of membership interests’ underwriting and transferal through intermediaries (envisaged by art. 100-ter, paras 2 to 4, t.u.f.) is mandatory for S.r.l.s wishing to offer them through crowdfunding, according to Article 10 of the ECSP Regulation and its primacy over conflicting national legislation (namely, the mere optionality of the system provided for in the mentioned paragraphs 2 to 4 of Article 100-ter t.u.f). The relationship between the offering of S.r.ls’ membership interests to the “public” and crowdfunding offerings, existing at a positive level, provides an opportunity to highlight the differences between the S.r.l. which turns to investment crowdfunding and the listed joint-stock corporation. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the fallouts on this context of the introduction, by the so-called “capitali” act, of an optional regime for the dematerialization of S.r.l.-SMEs’ membership interests: both on crowdfunding itself, since said regime represents a way of underwriting and transferring membership interests’ that is alternative to the one set forth by Article 100-ter, paras 2 to 4, t.u.f.; as well as on the potential other venues in which S.r.l.s could raise investments from the public, particularly addressing the issue of the legitimacy of the admission of membership interests to Multilateral Trading Facilities.
L’articolo esamina le conseguenze sulla disciplina della s.r.l. che discendono, da un lato, dalle modifiche apportate all’art. 100-ter t.u.f. in sede di adeguamento al Regolamento europeo ECSP (n. 2020/1503) e, dall’altro lato, dalle innovazioni contenute nella l. c.d. “capitali” (n. 21 del 5 marzo 2024). Sotto il primo aspetto, viene argomentata anzitutto la necessità di interpretare l’art. 100-ter t.u.f. in maniera correttiva, sostituendo il lemma «anche» con il lemma «solo», con la conseguenza che la facoltà per le s.r.l. di derogare all’art. 2468, primo comma, c.c. è circoscritta alla possibilità di offrire le quote tramite portali autorizzati di crowdfunding. Sempre alla luce del rapporto con la disciplina europea, poi, viene sostenuto il carattere obbligatorio del regime di circolazione intermediata per la s.r.l. che intenda offrire quote tramite crowdfunding, in forza della prevalenza dell’art. 10 del Regolamento ECSP sul sistema di facoltatività di cui ai commi 1 e 4 dell’art. 100-ter t.u.f. L’aver individuato un rapporto normativo necessario tra offerta al pubblico di quote di s.r.l. e crowdfunding costituisce, quindi, l’occasione per evidenziare le differenze di fattispecie tra la s.r.l. che offre le quote al pubblico e la società per azioni rispettivamente quotata e diffusa. Successivamente, l’elaborato analizza le conseguenze derivanti su tale contesto di fondo dall’introduzione, da parte della l. c.d. “capitali”, di un regime facoltativo di emissione scritturale delle quote di s.r.l.-PMI: sia sul crowdfunding, nel cui ambito detto regime rappresenta un’opzione alternativa rispetto al regime di intestazione e circolazione intermediata, sia sulle eventuali altre possibilità per la s.r.l. di reperire risorse, in particolare affrontando la problematica della suscettibilità delle quote scritturali a essere ammesse alla negoziazione su sistemi multilaterali di negoziazione.
Spolaore, P. (2024). La partecipazione in s.r.l. tra crowdfunding e dematerializzazione. ORIZZONTI DEL DIRITTO COMMERCIALE(1), 175-197.
La partecipazione in s.r.l. tra crowdfunding e dematerializzazione
Spolaore, P
2024
Abstract
The article examines the consequences on the Italian limited liability company (S.r.l.) stemming, on the one hand, from the amendments made to Article 100-ter of the Consolidated Law on Finance (t.u.f.) in the context of the adaptation of the Italian legislation to the European Regulation ECSP (No. 2020/1503), and, on the other hand, from the innovations contained in the so-called "capitali" act (n. 21, march 5th, 2024). From the first point of view, the paper argues that a corrective interpretation of Article 100-ter, first paragraph, t.u.f. is necessary, which, more specifically, replaces the term also («anche») with the term exclusively («solo»). As a results, S.r.l.s would be allowed to deviate from Article 2468, first paragraph, of the Civil Code only by offering their membership interests through authorized crowdfunding platforms. Furthermore, it is then contended that the system of membership interests’ underwriting and transferal through intermediaries (envisaged by art. 100-ter, paras 2 to 4, t.u.f.) is mandatory for S.r.l.s wishing to offer them through crowdfunding, according to Article 10 of the ECSP Regulation and its primacy over conflicting national legislation (namely, the mere optionality of the system provided for in the mentioned paragraphs 2 to 4 of Article 100-ter t.u.f). The relationship between the offering of S.r.ls’ membership interests to the “public” and crowdfunding offerings, existing at a positive level, provides an opportunity to highlight the differences between the S.r.l. which turns to investment crowdfunding and the listed joint-stock corporation. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the fallouts on this context of the introduction, by the so-called “capitali” act, of an optional regime for the dematerialization of S.r.l.-SMEs’ membership interests: both on crowdfunding itself, since said regime represents a way of underwriting and transferring membership interests’ that is alternative to the one set forth by Article 100-ter, paras 2 to 4, t.u.f.; as well as on the potential other venues in which S.r.l.s could raise investments from the public, particularly addressing the issue of the legitimacy of the admission of membership interests to Multilateral Trading Facilities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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