Hybrid Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy in Hemato-oncology

Lymphomas are hematologic malignancies characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells, most commonly arising in lymph nodes, but potentially involving any organ or tissue in the body. Several classification systems have been proposed for lymphomas. Classification of a lymphoma under a certain category can affect treatment and prognosis. Common features considered for classifying lymphomas generally include: (i) whether or not it is a Hodgkin lymphoma; (ii) whether the abnormally replicating cell is a T cell or B cell; and (iii) site where the malignant cell arises.Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common primary bone cancer. The clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow may result both in local growth and in systemic effects due to the overproduction of a monoclonal protein (M-protein). Almost all patients evolve from an asymptomatic premalignant stage, termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), through the smoldering myeloma (SMM), and eventually to “malignant” MM. MM differs from MGUS and SMM by the presence of end-organ damage associated with a complex syndrome named CRAB. MM, MGUS and smoldering myeloma (SMM) are defined according to the updated version of the criteria for the diagnosis of plasma cell proliferative disorders established by the International Myeloma Working Group.