Fidelity of protein synthesis, a process shaped by several mechanisms involving specialized ribosome regions and external factors, ensures the precise reading of sense as well as stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA), which are usually localized at the 30 of mRNA and drive the release of the polypeptide chain.However, either natural (NTCs) or premature (PTCs) termination codons, the latter arising from nucleotide changes, can undergo a recoding process named ribosome or translational readthrough, which insert specific amino acids (NTCs) or subset(s) depending on the stop codon type (PTCs). This process is particularly relevant for nonsense mutations, a relatively frequent cause of genetic disorders, which impair gene expression at different levels by potentially leading to mRNA degradation and/or synthesis of truncated proteins. As a matter of fact, many efforts have been made to develop efficient and safe readthrough-inducing compounds, which have been challenged in several models of human disease to provide with a therapy. In this view, the dissection of the molecular determinants shaping the outcome of readthrough, namely nucleotide and protein contexts as well as their interplay and impact on protein structure/function, is crucial to identify responsive nonsense mutations resulting in functional full-length proteins. The interpretation of experimental and mechanistic findings is also important to define a possibly clear picture of potential readthrough-favorable features useful to achieve rescue profiles compatible with therapeutic thresholds typical of each targeted disorder, which is of primary importance for the potential translatability of readthrough into a personalized and mutation-specific, and thus patient-oriented, therapeutic strategy.

Lombardi, S., Testa, M., Pinotti, M., Branchini, A. (2022). Translation termination codons in protein synthesis and disease. In R. Donev (a cura di), Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology (pp. 1-48). Academic Press Inc. [10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.06.001].

Translation termination codons in protein synthesis and disease

Lombardi S.
Primo
;
2022

Abstract

Fidelity of protein synthesis, a process shaped by several mechanisms involving specialized ribosome regions and external factors, ensures the precise reading of sense as well as stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA), which are usually localized at the 30 of mRNA and drive the release of the polypeptide chain.However, either natural (NTCs) or premature (PTCs) termination codons, the latter arising from nucleotide changes, can undergo a recoding process named ribosome or translational readthrough, which insert specific amino acids (NTCs) or subset(s) depending on the stop codon type (PTCs). This process is particularly relevant for nonsense mutations, a relatively frequent cause of genetic disorders, which impair gene expression at different levels by potentially leading to mRNA degradation and/or synthesis of truncated proteins. As a matter of fact, many efforts have been made to develop efficient and safe readthrough-inducing compounds, which have been challenged in several models of human disease to provide with a therapy. In this view, the dissection of the molecular determinants shaping the outcome of readthrough, namely nucleotide and protein contexts as well as their interplay and impact on protein structure/function, is crucial to identify responsive nonsense mutations resulting in functional full-length proteins. The interpretation of experimental and mechanistic findings is also important to define a possibly clear picture of potential readthrough-favorable features useful to achieve rescue profiles compatible with therapeutic thresholds typical of each targeted disorder, which is of primary importance for the potential translatability of readthrough into a personalized and mutation-specific, and thus patient-oriented, therapeutic strategy.
Capitolo o saggio
Nonsense mutations; Premature termination codons; Protein synthesis; Ribosome readthrough; Termination codons; Translation termination;
English
Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
Donev, R;
2022
9780323997805
132
Academic Press Inc.
1
48
Lombardi, S., Testa, M., Pinotti, M., Branchini, A. (2022). Translation termination codons in protein synthesis and disease. In R. Donev (a cura di), Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology (pp. 1-48). Academic Press Inc. [10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.06.001].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/415722
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