SMART MOBILITY IN MILAN, ITALY: A DISTRICT-LEVEL SPATIAL AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS

We evaluate the level of mobility services and infrastructures in Milan to identify which areas are best equipped to serve citizens. We explore the overall degree of smart mobility by ranking the 88 administrative districts according to their transportation services. A statistical analysis both quantifies and groups the neighborhoods by their degree of mobility. We first built a set of composite indicators, including the AMPI and the Static Jevons Index. The robustness of the index is validated through a sensitivity analysis of behavior when varying the underlying indicators. A spatial cross-correlation analysis is conducted to contextualize the degree of mobility estimated in the neighborhoods with respect to some infrastructural variables. Second, the composite indices are used to cluster the districts into homogeneous groups with similar mobility levels. The results show that, whether using the indices individually or in combination, the cluster analyses successfully distinguish key areas of the city, such as the interchange hubs, university zones, city center, workplaces, and suburbs. We identify four classes of districts characterized by increasing levels of smart mobility, and highlight critical differences between the city center and the peripheral areas of Milan.