The Italian Courts and Interpretation In Conformity With the Constitution, EU Law and the ECHR

1. Introduction. 2. Between the past and the present. The ‘prototypes’ of the current forms of conforming interpretation within the Italian legal system. 3. The first ‘prototype’. The interpretation in conformity with the Constitution in the first forty years of the Italian incidental constitutional review. 4. The second ‘prototype’. The presumption of conformity of law with the international treaties. 5. The present day. The ‘procedural’ nature of all obligations of conforming interpretation. 6. Who imposes the duty of conforming interpretation on the Italian courts? 7. The logical limit of conforming interpretation. 8. Breaches of the limit by the very courts imposing the duty of conforming interpretation on the other courts. 9. The Italian courts and interpretation in conformity with... 10. The crux of the matter. What is the ‘European law’ which the courts must comply with?