Cybersecurity regulation in the European Union and the issues of constitutional law

Cybersecurity is not a new issue, but it certainly reached a new level of relevance, especially for jurists and constitutionalists. The primary reason is that cyber-attacks aim to harm information, personal data, and, therefore, the constitutional rights of businesses and private citizens. However, it must also be observed that said attacks are increasingly aimed at undermining the political stability of states, in some cases even organized unsurprisingly by other Governments and used like a military weapon. In this context, the essay describes the most recent European and national legislation on cybersecurity, highlighting the shared purposes and some critical issues deriving from excessive intervention by public authorities in business activities. These critical issues require renewed attention to balance security and constitutional freedom.