Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in host physiology

Gut microbiota is a master regulator of host physiology. Intestinal microbes produce numerous metabolites through primary and secondary metabolic pathways, and many of which are dependent on host diet. The effects exerted by these microbial-derived metabolites represent the combined output of host-microbes interactions, which influence host energy metabolism, development and function of the immune system, maintenance of mucosal integrity, as well as intestinal microbiota community dynamics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the methodologies used in metabolomic studies to dissect and understand host-microbiota interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the current knowledge on specific microbial-derived metabolites, notably secondary bile acids, short chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites and their role in affecting host health.