Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus recurrence following liver transplantation: long-term results from a single center experience

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection after liver transplantation is a virtually constant finding and leads to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in variable proportions. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of α-interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin for recurrent HCV following liver transplantation. Patients and Methods: Thirty of 55 patients (54.5%) with histologically proven HCV recurrence after liver transplantation were given antiviral therapy (α-IFN at a dose of 6 MU × 3 × week IM associated with oral ribavirin 1 g/d for 12 months) and followed up for a further 12 months after the end of the treatment. Liver and renal function tests, hemocytometric values, and HCV-RNA were assessed every 3 months throughout the therapy and follow-up. Liver biopsy was performed before and after the treatment and after another 12 months of follow-up. Results: Eight patients (26.7%) were withdrawn from the treatment due to adverse events and another 8 (26.7%) needed a dosage reduction. Eleven patients (36.7%) had a biochemical and virological response, becoming aminotransferase and HCV-RNA negative at the end of the treatment; 6 patients (20%) still had a sustained response after 12 months of follow-up. All 6 patients are clinically stable at 6 years after completing the antiviral therapy. A low viral load before therapy was a positive predictor of sustained response. No histologically significant improvement was seen at the end of the therapy or after the follow-up. Conclusions: The combination of α-IFN plus ribavirin induced a sustained virologic response in 20% of liver transplant recipients with recurrent HCV, but intolerance of the therapy prompted its discontinuation or a dosage reduction in a large proportion of patients. However, we have observed a long-term efficacy of the antiviral therapy in the sustained responders.