Come è possibile una coscienza falsa?

The phenomenology of alienation is rich, yet it is far from clear how to account for a paradox it raises about consciousness. Consciousness cannot be said to be false in the same way beliefs can be. Talks of alienation rather suggest that we may happen to undergo experiences that look as if they were not ours. The paradox is different here, and far deeper, than paradoxes and irrationalities affecting beliefs in self-deception, wishful thinking and the like. Any explanation working at the level of beliefs and their etiology seem therefore to be at least incomplete. I argue that a complete account may involve the distortion of mechanisms operating in social cognition. Simulation theories of mind reading, in particular, seem to provide the theoretical tools to explain how subjective experience can turn out to look alienated or “false”.