Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to favor a poorer outcome of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess if 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD) levels are associated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods: We prospectively studied 103 in-patients admitted to a Northern-Italian hospital (age 66.1 ± 14.1 years, 70 males) for severely-symptomatic COVID-19. Fifty-two subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection but mild COVID-19 symptoms (mildly-symptomatic COVID-19 patients) and 206 subjects without SARS-CoV-2 infection were controls. We measured 25OHD and IL-6 levels at admission and focused on respiratory outcome during hospitalization. Results: Severely-symptomatic COVID-19 patients had lower 25OHD levels (18.2 ± 11.4 ng/mL) than mildly-symptomatic COVID-19 patients and non-SARS-CoV-2-infected controls (30.3 ± 8.5 ng/mL and 25.4 ± 9.4 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). 25OHD and IL-6 levels were respectively lower and higher in severely-symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care Unit [(ICU), 14.4 ± 8.6 ng/mL and 43.0 (19.0–56.0) pg/mL, respectively], than in those not requiring ICU admission [22.4 ± 1.4 ng/mL, p = 0.0001 and 16.0 (8.0–32.0) pg/mL, p = 0.0002, respectively]. Similar differences were found when comparing COVID-19 patients who died in hospital [13.2 ± 6.4 ng/mL and 45.0 (28.0–99.0) pg/mL] with survivors [19.3 ± 12.0 ng/mL, p = 0.035 and 21.0 (10.5–45.9) pg/mL, p = 0.018, respectively). 25OHD levels inversely correlated with: i) IL-6 levels (ρ − 0.284, p = 0.004); ii) the subsequent need of the ICU admission [relative risk, RR 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.98–1.00, p = 0.011] regardless of age, gender, presence of at least 1 comorbidity among obesity, diabetes, arterial hypertension, creatinine, IL-6 and lactate dehydrogenase levels, neutrophil cells, lymphocytes and platelets count; iii) mortality (RR 0.97, 95%CI, 0.95–0.99, p = 0.011) regardless of age, gender, presence of diabetes, IL-6 and C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels, neutrophil cells, lymphocytes and platelets count. Conclusion: In our COVID-19 patients, low 25OHD levels were inversely correlated with high IL-6 levels and were independent predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Campi, I., Gennari, L., Merlotti, D., Mingiano, C., Frosali, A., Giovanelli, L., et al. (2021). Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy. BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 21(1) [10.1186/s12879-021-06281-7].
Citazione: | Campi, I., Gennari, L., Merlotti, D., Mingiano, C., Frosali, A., Giovanelli, L., et al. (2021). Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy. BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 21(1) [10.1186/s12879-021-06281-7]. | |
Tipo: | Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico | |
Carattere della pubblicazione: | Scientifica | |
Presenza di un coautore afferente ad Istituzioni straniere: | No | |
Titolo: | Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy | |
Autori: | Campi, I; Gennari, L; Merlotti, D; Mingiano, C; Frosali, A; Giovanelli, L; Torlasco, C; Pengo, M; Heilbron, F; Soranna, D; Zambon, A; Di Stefano, M; Aresta, C; Bonomi, M; Cangiano, B; Favero, V; Fatti, L; Perego, G; Chiodini, I; Parati, G; Persani, L | |
Autori: | ||
Data di pubblicazione: | 2021 | |
Lingua: | English | |
Rivista: | BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06281-7 | |
Appare nelle tipologie: | 01 - Articolo su rivista |