The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the propensity for the ethnic classification of places and people increased in Lombardy under the rule of the Sforza during the fifteenth century: national denominations, often used in a neutral way, but soon with an emphasis on the negative traits associated with barbarism, occur in state correspondence. This lexicon thus projects the political relationship over not only a customary tradition, but also a natural background, because by nature an individual belonged to what was called a nation and because it is from nature that the salient features of the nation derive. The hypothesis is that this change is connected to general cultural processes of the Renaissance, but - above all - to decisive political transformations that took place in the fifteenth century: a strengthening of the Italian diplomatic horizon, with the establishment of the Italic League, and the deterioration of the relationships between the state of Milan and its neighbors, Switzerland and Grisons. Of particular importance were the new strategies of legitimizing the central authority through the ideological transformation of the relationship of obedience, stabilizing the state's power over its subjects as being almost unnegotiable as nature in itself.
La tesi dell’articolo è che nella Lombardia sforzesca, nel corso del Quattrocento, sia cresciuta l’attenzione per la classificazione etnica dei luoghi e delle persone: denominazioni nazionali, impiegate non di rado in modo neutro ma presto con un’esasperazione dei tratti negativi, associati a uno stato di barbarie, ricorrono nel carteggio di stato. Questo lessico proietta così la relazione politica su uno sfondo dal carattere non solo consuetudinario, ma naturale, perché per natura la persona apparteneva a quella che si denominava una natione e perché sempre dalla natura si facevano derivare le caratteristiche salienti di quest’ultima. L’ipotesi è che tale mutamento sia connesso a processi culturali generali, ma soprattutto a decisive trasformazioni politiche intervenute nel XV secolo: il rafforzamento di un orizzonte diplomatico di scala italiana, con la costituzione della Lega italica, il deterioramento dei rapporti fra lo stato di Milano e i vicini svizzeri e grigioni, e, di particolare rilievo, le nuove strategie di legittimazione dell’autorità centrale mediante la riconfigurazione ideologica del rapporto di obbedienza, stabilizzando un potere sui sudditi tanto poco negoziabile quanto si vuole lo sia la natura.
DELLA MISERICORDIA, M. (2020). The nature of nations. Lombards and Germans in the political relationship of a regional state [La natura delle nazioni. Lombardi e tedeschi nelle relazioni politiche di uno stato regionale]. RM RIVISTA, 21(1), 322-376 [10.6092/1593-2214/6724].
The nature of nations. Lombards and Germans in the political relationship of a regional state [La natura delle nazioni. Lombardi e tedeschi nelle relazioni politiche di uno stato regionale]
Massimo Della Misericordia
2020
Abstract
The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the propensity for the ethnic classification of places and people increased in Lombardy under the rule of the Sforza during the fifteenth century: national denominations, often used in a neutral way, but soon with an emphasis on the negative traits associated with barbarism, occur in state correspondence. This lexicon thus projects the political relationship over not only a customary tradition, but also a natural background, because by nature an individual belonged to what was called a nation and because it is from nature that the salient features of the nation derive. The hypothesis is that this change is connected to general cultural processes of the Renaissance, but - above all - to decisive political transformations that took place in the fifteenth century: a strengthening of the Italian diplomatic horizon, with the establishment of the Italic League, and the deterioration of the relationships between the state of Milan and its neighbors, Switzerland and Grisons. Of particular importance were the new strategies of legitimizing the central authority through the ideological transformation of the relationship of obedience, stabilizing the state's power over its subjects as being almost unnegotiable as nature in itself.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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