مخطوطات مكتبة الامبروزيانا في ميلانو الحفظ الوقائي والترميم I manoscritti della Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Conservazione preventiva e restauro

The trend towards preventive conservation has become a global choice. Its goal is to preserve the cultural heritage of humanity from loss. Hence, we can benefit from the experiences of the European School particularly the Italian one in this field. Since I am an expert in Arabic, Aramaic, Syriac and Hebrew manuscripts in the most important European library belonging to the Vatican State, Ambrosiana. This paper presents the main factors that threaten the books, written or printed, specifically the old ones and analyzing them as well as ways to reduce and to prevent their various dangers such as: external physiochemical factors, biological factors such as insects, and microbiological factors such as bacteria and fungi. The first part of this study based on surveys and site meetings with some of the staff and administrators of the Ambrosiana Library in Milan, as well as with laboratory experts known as Abbazia di Viboldone, and the study of some completed samples of maintenance. The second part based on the experience gained both through training courses in this library and through our doctoral study in archeology from the University of Udine.We do not claim that this research is comprehensive, the perfect and complete knowledge is only for Allah Almighty, but we are confident that it is an introduction to solving many of the problems associated with the protection and maintenance of the manuscripts.