The behavioral effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) are often nonlinear; factors such as stimulation intensity and brain state can modulate the impact of TMS on observable behavior in qualitatively different manner. Here we propose a theoretical framework to account for these effects. In this model, there are distinct intensity ranges for facilitatory and suppressive effects of TMS – low intensities facilitate neural activity and behavior whereas high intensities induce suppression. The key feature of the model is that these ranges are shifted by changes in neural excitability: consequently, a TMS intensity, which normally induces suppression, can have a facilitatory effect if the stimulated neurons are being inhibited by ongoing task-related processes or preconditioning. For example, adaptation reduces excitability of adapted neurons; the outcome is that TMS intensities which inhibit non-adapted neurons induce a facilitation on adapted neural representations, leading to reversal of adaptation effects. In conventional “virtual lesion” paradigms, similar effects occur because neurons not involved in task-related processes are inhibited by the ongoing task. The resulting reduction in excitability can turn high intensity “inhibitory” TMS to low intensity “facilitatory” TMS for these neurons, and as task-related neuronal representations are in the inhibitory range, the outcome is a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio and behavioral impairment.
Silvanto, J., & Cattaneo, Z. (2017). Common framework for “virtual lesion” and state-dependent TMS: The facilitatory/suppressive range model of online TMS effects on behavior. BRAIN AND COGNITION, 119, 32-38 [10.1016/j.bandc.2017.09.007].
Citazione: | Silvanto, J., & Cattaneo, Z. (2017). Common framework for “virtual lesion” and state-dependent TMS: The facilitatory/suppressive range model of online TMS effects on behavior. BRAIN AND COGNITION, 119, 32-38 [10.1016/j.bandc.2017.09.007]. | |
Tipo: | Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico | |
Carattere della pubblicazione: | Scientifica | |
Presenza di un coautore afferente ad Istituzioni straniere: | Si | |
Titolo: | Common framework for “virtual lesion” and state-dependent TMS: The facilitatory/suppressive range model of online TMS effects on behavior | |
Autori: | Silvanto, J; Cattaneo, Z | |
Autori: | CATTANEO, ZAIRA (Ultimo) | |
Data di pubblicazione: | 2017 | |
Lingua: | English | |
Rivista: | BRAIN AND COGNITION | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2017.09.007 | |
Appare nelle tipologie: | 01 - Articolo su rivista |
File in questo prodotto:
File | Descrizione | Tipologia | Licenza | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BC_Silvanto & Cattaneo_Intensity_2017.pdf | Publisher's version | Administrator Richiedi una copia |