4D-PET data sorting into different number of phases: a NEMA IQ phantom study

This study aims at evaluating the dependence of 4D-PET data sorting on the number of phases in which the respiratory cycle can be divided. The issue is to find the best compromise to reduce the conflicting effects induced by increasing the number of phases: lesion motion on each set of images decreases, but on the other hand image noise increases. The IQ NEMA 2001 IEC body phantom was used to simulate the movement of neoplastic lesions in the thorax and abdomen, investigating the effect of target size (10-37 mm), lesion to background activity concentrations ratio (4-to-1 and 8-to-1), total acquisition time (3, 6, 12, 20 min) and number of phase partition (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13). The phantom was moved in a cranial-caudal direction with an excursion of 25 mm and with a period of 4.0 s. Five parameters associated to lesion volume and activity concentration were considered to assess the capability of the 4D-PET technique to "freeze" the phantom motion. The results for all the parameters showed the capability of the 4D-PET acquisition technique to "freeze" the lesion motion. The division into 6 phases was found to be the best compromise between temporal resolution and image noise for the phase where the "lesions" move faster, whereas the partition into 4 phases could be used if a stable breathing phase is considered