Membranous nephropathy (MN), the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, is characterized by the deposition of subepithelial immune deposits that consist mainly of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and complement. Most of the cases are primary or idiopathic (iMN), while only approximately 25% of the cases are secondary to some known disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis B, drugs and malignancies. Most of our knowledge on the pathogenesis of iMN has relied upon old experimental models (i.e. Heymann nephritis) that have shown that immune deposits are formed in situ by the reaction of autoantibodies against the respective podocyte antigen. Recent findings indicate that podocyte proteins also act as an autoantigen in human iMN. The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) has been identified as the main target antigen, as it can be found in approximately 70% of iMN patients but only rarely in other glomerulonephritides. Podocytes damage in the experimental model of Heymann nephritis is complement-mediated. In humans, the presence of complement within the subepithelial deposits is well established, but IgG4, which does not activate complement by classical or alternative pathways, represents the predominant subclass of IgG anti-PLA2R. Some evidence suggests that IgG4 anti-PLA2R autoantibodies can bind mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and activate the lectin complement pathway. A genetic background for iMN has been demonstrated by genome-wide association studies that have shown highly significant associations of the PLA2R1 and the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 loci with iMN. In addition to their diagnostic value, anti-PLA2R antibodies may be useful to monitor disease activity and predict response to treatment.

Sinico, R., Mezzina, N., Trezzi, B., Ghiggeri, G., Radice, A. (2016). Immunology of membranous nephropathy: From animal models to humans. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, 183(2), 157-165 [10.1111/cei.12729].

Immunology of membranous nephropathy: From animal models to humans

SINICO, RENATO ALBERTO
;
Trezzi, B;
2016

Abstract

Membranous nephropathy (MN), the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, is characterized by the deposition of subepithelial immune deposits that consist mainly of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and complement. Most of the cases are primary or idiopathic (iMN), while only approximately 25% of the cases are secondary to some known disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis B, drugs and malignancies. Most of our knowledge on the pathogenesis of iMN has relied upon old experimental models (i.e. Heymann nephritis) that have shown that immune deposits are formed in situ by the reaction of autoantibodies against the respective podocyte antigen. Recent findings indicate that podocyte proteins also act as an autoantigen in human iMN. The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) has been identified as the main target antigen, as it can be found in approximately 70% of iMN patients but only rarely in other glomerulonephritides. Podocytes damage in the experimental model of Heymann nephritis is complement-mediated. In humans, the presence of complement within the subepithelial deposits is well established, but IgG4, which does not activate complement by classical or alternative pathways, represents the predominant subclass of IgG anti-PLA2R. Some evidence suggests that IgG4 anti-PLA2R autoantibodies can bind mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and activate the lectin complement pathway. A genetic background for iMN has been demonstrated by genome-wide association studies that have shown highly significant associations of the PLA2R1 and the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 loci with iMN. In addition to their diagnostic value, anti-PLA2R antibodies may be useful to monitor disease activity and predict response to treatment.
Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico
Anti-PLA2R antibody; Membranous nephropathy; Podocyte; Subepithelial deposits IgG4;
Anti-PLA2R antibody; Membranous nephropathy; Podocyte; Subepithelial deposits IgG4; Adult; Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Complement System Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; Humans; Podocytes; Receptors, Phospholipase A2; Immunology; Immunology and Allergy
English
2016
183
2
157
165
none
Sinico, R., Mezzina, N., Trezzi, B., Ghiggeri, G., Radice, A. (2016). Immunology of membranous nephropathy: From animal models to humans. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, 183(2), 157-165 [10.1111/cei.12729].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/139122
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