Nuove guerre trans-nazionali e crisi dei tradizionali costrutti politici

In the new millennium, religion has acquired a prominent role in the public discourse at the global level, although in two radically opposite ways: as a matter of private choices/ claims of cultural minorities and as a mean for the dissemination of political violence. Starting from this consideration, in the following paper I’m aimed at investigating the meaning and the practice of the so-called "new wars", linked to religious fundamentalism. Namely, they are deeply different from traditional military conflicts, as national governments and international coalitions conceived and regulated them until the end of the last century. For this reason, I intend to focus my attention on the changing political meaning of the traditional concepts of jus ad bellum and jus in bello, which were usually related to international relations. The emergence of the armed jihadism and the development of subsequent strategies to combat it have contributed to weaken the application of the international penal and humanitarian law. On the light of the new tragic interconnection between religion, fundamentalism and violence, a re-examination of the traditional concept of war becomes essential, mainly because of the consequences that Islamic terrorism in form of diffuse, unpredictable and unexpected armed conflicts have also over places apparently in peace and over the daily lives of millions of people at the global level, determining an increasing sense of precarity and a generalized fear over the “strangers”