Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, cholestatic, autoimmune liver disease characterised by the destruction of small- and medium-sized bile ducts. The serological hallmark of PBC includes antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). The disease has a striking female predominance, and primarily affects women of middle-age. First-degree relatives, and in particular female relatives, are known to have an increased risk of developing the disease. Several studies have attempted to explain the female predominance of PBC, and autoimmune diseases in general. Two components that are of interest in PBC include monosomy X and xenobiotics. Monosomy X has been noted to be prevalent in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of PBC patients. Xenobiotics, which are exogenous chemicals not normally found within the body, have been implicated in the modification of, and loss of, tolerance to AMA. Several cosmetics are known to contain these xenobiotics, which is of interest given the information provided in regards to known risk factors for PBC development. This review will focus on X monosomy and xenobiotics, which appear to constitute the X-factor of PBC. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia

Bianchi, I., Lleo, A., Bernuzzi, F., Caliari, L., Smyk, D., Invernizzi, P. (2012). The X-factor in primary biliary cirrhosis: Monosomy X and xenobiotics. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS, 3(3), 127-132 [10.1007/s13317-012-0043-2].

The X-factor in primary biliary cirrhosis: Monosomy X and xenobiotics

Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica;INVERNIZZI, PIETRO
2012

Abstract

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, cholestatic, autoimmune liver disease characterised by the destruction of small- and medium-sized bile ducts. The serological hallmark of PBC includes antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). The disease has a striking female predominance, and primarily affects women of middle-age. First-degree relatives, and in particular female relatives, are known to have an increased risk of developing the disease. Several studies have attempted to explain the female predominance of PBC, and autoimmune diseases in general. Two components that are of interest in PBC include monosomy X and xenobiotics. Monosomy X has been noted to be prevalent in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of PBC patients. Xenobiotics, which are exogenous chemicals not normally found within the body, have been implicated in the modification of, and loss of, tolerance to AMA. Several cosmetics are known to contain these xenobiotics, which is of interest given the information provided in regards to known risk factors for PBC development. This review will focus on X monosomy and xenobiotics, which appear to constitute the X-factor of PBC. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia
Articolo in rivista - Review Essay
Autoimmune disease; Autoimmunity; Genetics; Monosomy X; Risk factor; Susceptibility; Xenobiotics; Rheumatology; Immunology
English
2012
3
3
127
132
none
Bianchi, I., Lleo, A., Bernuzzi, F., Caliari, L., Smyk, D., Invernizzi, P. (2012). The X-factor in primary biliary cirrhosis: Monosomy X and xenobiotics. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS, 3(3), 127-132 [10.1007/s13317-012-0043-2].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/106446
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