The goal of this work is to explore the topics of listening and teacher-child relationship, both central topics in contemporary social-educational research. (Hamre & Pianta, 2001; Harter 1996; Lad, Birch & Buhs, 1999; Pianta et al., 1995; Roeser et al., 2000). In particular, it focuses on the mechanisms of the relationship established between people who share the same sound dimension, by observation and analysis of different listening situations in the relationship between the children of the third classes and their teachers . Given the difficulty of finding studies referring to both aspects as correlated, the opening theoretical survey highlights the range of currents of thought and disciplines which, by different routes and separate approaches, refer to the two issues. Thence, it has been referred, on the one hand to the studies on early learning, analyzing the contributions of developmental psychology (Piaget, 1970; Bruner, 1991; Vigotsky, 1954) and attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, 1985; Cassidy, 1994; Mantovani & Bove, 2000), and, on the other hand, to the epistemological framework of the studies of Roberto Pianta and the conceptual and methodological support provided by music pedagogy and Pareyson’s theory of formativity. Accordingly, then, the epistemological framework of this work weaves a continuous dialogue between different approaches, mediating the encounter between art and science, music and pedagogy, aisthesis and paideia. In the preparation of the empirical work I started from the hypothesis that awareness, as stimulated by a listening opportunity, can stimulate an aesthetics of feeling. Therefore I tested a sound-musical device in order to verify its suitability to foster positive relationships within the classroom. Many studies identify the relationship problems with the students as one of the main causes of psychological stress for the teachers (Kyriacou & Sutcliffe, 1978; Makihen & Kinnunen, 1986; Parkay, Greenwood, Olenjik & Pröller, 1988; Turk, Turk & Meeks , 1982). Likewise, it is also widely known that students who have experienced a better relationship with their teachers and their classmates are able to develop a more positive path both in the social and scholastic field (Ryan, Stiller & Lynch, 1994; Silver, Measelle, Essex & Armstrong, 2005; Wentzel, 1998; Pianta et al., 1995). It is evident, then, the necessity of tools able to improve internal relations within the class. Despite the renewed scientific interest on the theme of relationship, the specific question addressed by this research – the function of listening and sound phenomenon within the class-environment and its influence on the interactions between people – still remains a scarcely studied topic. The analysis of the outcomes of the research confirms the effectiveness of the utilized device and of the two-phased educational training: sound-musical awareness of the teachers and sharing of the experienced aesthetic by them with the class-group. In particular, the device has proven effective in improving the capacity of listening, in orienting the interest of the adult to the aesthetic dimension as a resource in the classroom, and more particularly, in raising the awareness about the teacher-child relationship.
Obiettivo della presente ricerca è l’approfondimento delle tematiche dell’ascolto e della relazione insegnante-bambino, argomenti entrambi centrali nella ricerca educativo-sociale contemporanea (Hamre & Pianta, 2001; Harter 1996; Lad, Birch & Buhs, 1999; Pianta et al., 1995; Roeser et al., 2000). In particolare, il lavoro in questione intende focalizzarsi sui meccanismi della relazione che si stabilisce tra le persone che condividono la stessa dimensione sonora, tramite l’osservazione e l’analisi di differenti situazioni di ascolto nel rapporto tra i bambini delle classi terze e i loro insegnanti. Data la difficoltà di reperire studi che si riferiscano ad entrambi gli aspetti in modo correlato, la riflessione teorica di partenza evidenzia il ventaglio di correnti di pensiero e di discipline che, per vie diverse e con approcci separati, si riferiscono alle due tematiche in questione. Si è quindi fatto riferimento, da un lato agli studi in materia di pedagogia dell’infanzia, analizzando gli apporti della psicología dello sviluppo (Piaget, 1970; Bruner, 1991; Vigotsky, 1954) e della teoria dell’attaccamento (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, 1985; Cassidy, 1994; Mantovani & Bove, 2000), dall’altro alla cornice epistemologica degli studi di Robert Pianta e ai supporti concettuali e metodologici forniti dalla pedagogia musicale e dalla teoria della formatività di Pareyson. In sostanza, quindi, la cornice epistemologica del presente lavoro intreccia un continuo dialogo fra diversi approcci, mediando l’incontro tra arte e scienza, musica e pedagogia, aisthesis e paideia. Nella progettazione del lavoro empirico si è partiti dall’ipotesi che la presa di coscienza, sviluppata a seguito di un’occasione di ascolto, possa stimolare un’estetica del sentire. Si è dunque testato un dispositivo sonoro-musicale al fine di verificarne l’idoneità a stimolare relazioni positive all’interno della classe scolastica. Molti lavori individuano le problematiche nel rapporto con gli allievi come una delle più importanti fonti di stress psicologico dell’insegnante (Kyriacou & Sutcliffe, 1978; Makihen & Kinnunen, 1986; Parkay, Greenwood, Olenjik & Proller, 1988; Turk, Meeks & Turk, 1982). D’altra parte, è altresì noto che gli studenti che hanno sperimentato un miglior rapporto con il loro insegnante e i loro compagni sono in grado di sviluppare un percorso più positivo sia in campo sociale che in quello scolastico (Ryan, Stiller & Lynch, 1994; Silver, Measelle, Essex & Armstrong, 2005; Wentzel, 1998; Pianta et al., 1995). Appare dunque evidente la rilevanza di strumenti capaci di migliorare le relazioni interne alla classe. Nonostante il rinato interesse scientifico riguardo al tema della relazione, l’aspetto specifico di cui si occupa questa ricerca, cioè, la funzione dell’ascolto e del fenomeno sonoro all’interno dell’ambiente classe e la sua influenza sull’interazioni tra le persone, rimane un argomento ancora poco indagato. L’analisi dei risultati della ricerca conferma l’efficacia del dispositivo predisposto e del training formativo a due fasi: sensibilizzazione sonoro-musicale verso gli insegnanti e condivisione dell’esperienza estetica sperimentata da questi ultimi con il gruppo classe. In particolare il dispositivo si é dimostrato efficace nel migliorare le capacità di l’ascolto, nell’orientare l’interesse dell’adulto verso la dimensione estetica come risorsa in classe ed in particolare nella sensibilizzazione verso la relazione insegnante-bambino.
(2015). La relazione educativa, una sinfonia da comporre. L'ascolto e la dimensione sonora nella relazione insegnante-bambino. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015).
La relazione educativa, una sinfonia da comporre. L'ascolto e la dimensione sonora nella relazione insegnante-bambino
ZORRILLO RODRIGUEZ, ALIX VIRGINIA
2015
Abstract
The goal of this work is to explore the topics of listening and teacher-child relationship, both central topics in contemporary social-educational research. (Hamre & Pianta, 2001; Harter 1996; Lad, Birch & Buhs, 1999; Pianta et al., 1995; Roeser et al., 2000). In particular, it focuses on the mechanisms of the relationship established between people who share the same sound dimension, by observation and analysis of different listening situations in the relationship between the children of the third classes and their teachers . Given the difficulty of finding studies referring to both aspects as correlated, the opening theoretical survey highlights the range of currents of thought and disciplines which, by different routes and separate approaches, refer to the two issues. Thence, it has been referred, on the one hand to the studies on early learning, analyzing the contributions of developmental psychology (Piaget, 1970; Bruner, 1991; Vigotsky, 1954) and attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, 1985; Cassidy, 1994; Mantovani & Bove, 2000), and, on the other hand, to the epistemological framework of the studies of Roberto Pianta and the conceptual and methodological support provided by music pedagogy and Pareyson’s theory of formativity. Accordingly, then, the epistemological framework of this work weaves a continuous dialogue between different approaches, mediating the encounter between art and science, music and pedagogy, aisthesis and paideia. In the preparation of the empirical work I started from the hypothesis that awareness, as stimulated by a listening opportunity, can stimulate an aesthetics of feeling. Therefore I tested a sound-musical device in order to verify its suitability to foster positive relationships within the classroom. Many studies identify the relationship problems with the students as one of the main causes of psychological stress for the teachers (Kyriacou & Sutcliffe, 1978; Makihen & Kinnunen, 1986; Parkay, Greenwood, Olenjik & Pröller, 1988; Turk, Turk & Meeks , 1982). Likewise, it is also widely known that students who have experienced a better relationship with their teachers and their classmates are able to develop a more positive path both in the social and scholastic field (Ryan, Stiller & Lynch, 1994; Silver, Measelle, Essex & Armstrong, 2005; Wentzel, 1998; Pianta et al., 1995). It is evident, then, the necessity of tools able to improve internal relations within the class. Despite the renewed scientific interest on the theme of relationship, the specific question addressed by this research – the function of listening and sound phenomenon within the class-environment and its influence on the interactions between people – still remains a scarcely studied topic. The analysis of the outcomes of the research confirms the effectiveness of the utilized device and of the two-phased educational training: sound-musical awareness of the teachers and sharing of the experienced aesthetic by them with the class-group. In particular, the device has proven effective in improving the capacity of listening, in orienting the interest of the adult to the aesthetic dimension as a resource in the classroom, and more particularly, in raising the awareness about the teacher-child relationship.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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