Biodesulfurization of waste rubber: characterization of bacterial strains and their potential use Tires are difficult to biodegrade because vulcanized rubber is made of a stable crosslink three dimensional network structure. Breaking the sulfur crosslink network in into ground tire rubber (GTR) is therefore necessary to make it vulcanizable again. Recently, biodesulfurization has been proposed since it is considered as a safe process for the environment; it is economical and selective. The aim of this project is to develop a GTR biodesulfurization process for the product re-use. In the first part of the project, new bacterial strains were isolated from water, soil and mud collected from a tire landfill and GTR using dibenzothiophene as sulfur source. Among 51 isolated strains, with desulfurizing ability, the strains 8A1531 and AF21875 were chosen for further analyses. AF21875 showed superior growth in presence of DBT as sulfur source compared with the growth in presence of inorganic sulfur. This could indicate that this strain uses DBT as preferential sulfur source. For this reason, AF21875 genome sequencing was carried out to obtain further information. The genome sequencing showed the presence of different organsulfur compounds desulfurization pathway. The desulfurizing ability of the newly isolates AF21875 and 8A1531 and of the known desulfurizing bacterium G. desulfuricans 213E were tested on vulcanized-ground natural rubber (VGNR) with a two level full factorial experimental design. The variables considered were the concentration of glucose, the presence of DBT and the initial biomass concentration. The response of design of experiments was the complex viscosity. The fingerprinting method ARISA (automated ribosomal inter-genic spacer analyses) was used to test the persistence of the bacterial inoculum during the treatment. VGNR treated with 8A1531 showed complex viscosity significantly lower compared with the control experiments. For AF21875 a high experimental variability was observed. A final reduced model was obtained only for G. desulfuricans 213E. The best combination of significant parameters for a selective decrosslinking was high concentration of carbon source, absence of DBT and a high OD. ARISA showed the persistence of G. desulfuricans 213E and AF21875 while it was not possible to confirm the persistence of the 8A1531 strain. Finally, naturally colonize VGNR of microorganisms was observed. In the third part of the study, the abilities of these three strains were tested on GTR. Microbial community was analyzed by ARISA and the number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene and of dszA gene were quantified by qPCR. G. desulfuricans 213E and AF21875 persisted in the bioreactor and dszA copy number quantification showed increase during the experiment. In the bioreactor inoculated with 8A1531, it was not possible to confirm the persistence of the strain because the ARISA profile of the strain was similar to the community profile of GTR. Indeed, ARISA characterization and dszA quantification showed that there is a naturally community hosted on GTR with biodesulfurization potential. It could be very interesting to study the desulfurize ability of bacteria naturally hosts on GTR.

Gli pneumatici sono difficilmente biodegradabili, in quanto la gomma vulcanizzata è costituita da legami C-S trasversali fra catene indipendenti. È quindi necessaria la rottura di questi legami all’interno del polverino di pneumatico (GTR) per riutilizzare questo materiale all‘ interno di nuovi pneumatici. Recentemente, la biodesolforazione è stata suggerita come processo sicuro per l'ambiente, economico e selettivo. L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di sviluppare un processo di biodesolforazione di GTR per poterlo riutilizzare all’interno di una nuova mescola di pneumatico. Nella prima parte del progetto sono stati isolati nuovi ceppi batterici da acqua, suolo e fango, campionati in una discarica di pneumatici, e GTR, tramite arricchimenti contenenti dibenzotiofene (DBT) come fonte di zolfo. Tra i 51 ceppi isolati con capacità desolforati, i ceppi 8A1531 e AF21875 sono stati scelti per le analisi successive. In presenza di DBT come unica fonte di zolfo, il ceppo AF21875 mostra una crescita maggiore rispetto alla crescita in presenza di zolfo inorganico, indicando l’utilizzo da parte di AF21875 del DBT come fonte di zolfo preferenziale. È stato quindi sequenziato il genoma del ceppo. I risultati del sequenziamento mostrano la presenza di diversi pathway coinvolti nella desolforazione dei composti organici. Le capacità desolforanti dei ceppi AF21875 e 8A1531 e Gordonia desulfuricans 213E sono state testate su gomma naturale vulcanizzata e macinata (VGNR) tramite un disegno sperimentale fattoriale completo a due livelli. Le variabili considerate sono state la concentrazione di glucosio, la presenza del DBT e la concentrazione iniziale di biomassa, mentre la risposta sperimentale considerata è stata la viscosità complessa. L’analisi ARISA (automated ribosomal inter-genic spacer analyses) è stata utilizzata per la caratterizzazione microbiologica. I campioni VGNR trattati con il ceppo 8A1531 mostrano una viscosità significativamente inferiore rispetto agli esperimenti di controllo. Per il ceppo AF21875 è stata osservata una elevata variabilità sperimentale. Solo per G. desulfuricans 213E è stato ottenuto un modello. Le condizioni migliori per ottenere una rottura selettiva dei legami C-S è la combinazione di parametri seguente: alta concentrazione glucosio, assenza di DBT ed elevato OD. L’analisi ARISA ha mostrato la persistenza di G. desulfuricans 213E e AF21875. Tuttavia, non è stato possibile confermare la persistenza del ceppo 8A1531. Infine, è stato osservato che VGNR è naturalmente colonizzata da microrganismi. Nella terza parte di questo progetto, questi 3 ceppi sono stati utilizzati in un processo desolforazione del GTR. La comunità microbica è stata analizzata tramite ARISA, quantificazione del numero di copie del gene 16S rRNA e gene dszA. G. desulfuricans 213E e AF21875 persistono nel bioreattore e il numero di copie del gene dszA aumenta durante l'esperimento. Nel bioreattore contenente 8A1531, non è stato possibile confermare la persistenza del ceppo perché il suo profilo ARISA risultava simile al profilo del GTR. Infatti, la caratterizzazione ARISA e la quantificazione del gene dszA dimostrano che sul GTR è naturalmente presente una comunità batterica potenzialmente in grado di desolforare. Potrebbe essere interessante studiare la capacità di desolforazione dei batteri presenti naturalmente sul GTR.

(2015). BIODEVULCANIZZAZIONE DI SCARTI DI GOMMA: CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI CEPPI BATTERICI E LORO POTENZIALE UTILIZZO. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015).

BIODEVULCANIZZAZIONE DI SCARTI DI GOMMA: CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI CEPPI BATTERICI E LORO POTENZIALE UTILIZZO

TATANGELO, VALERIA
2015

Abstract

Biodesulfurization of waste rubber: characterization of bacterial strains and their potential use Tires are difficult to biodegrade because vulcanized rubber is made of a stable crosslink three dimensional network structure. Breaking the sulfur crosslink network in into ground tire rubber (GTR) is therefore necessary to make it vulcanizable again. Recently, biodesulfurization has been proposed since it is considered as a safe process for the environment; it is economical and selective. The aim of this project is to develop a GTR biodesulfurization process for the product re-use. In the first part of the project, new bacterial strains were isolated from water, soil and mud collected from a tire landfill and GTR using dibenzothiophene as sulfur source. Among 51 isolated strains, with desulfurizing ability, the strains 8A1531 and AF21875 were chosen for further analyses. AF21875 showed superior growth in presence of DBT as sulfur source compared with the growth in presence of inorganic sulfur. This could indicate that this strain uses DBT as preferential sulfur source. For this reason, AF21875 genome sequencing was carried out to obtain further information. The genome sequencing showed the presence of different organsulfur compounds desulfurization pathway. The desulfurizing ability of the newly isolates AF21875 and 8A1531 and of the known desulfurizing bacterium G. desulfuricans 213E were tested on vulcanized-ground natural rubber (VGNR) with a two level full factorial experimental design. The variables considered were the concentration of glucose, the presence of DBT and the initial biomass concentration. The response of design of experiments was the complex viscosity. The fingerprinting method ARISA (automated ribosomal inter-genic spacer analyses) was used to test the persistence of the bacterial inoculum during the treatment. VGNR treated with 8A1531 showed complex viscosity significantly lower compared with the control experiments. For AF21875 a high experimental variability was observed. A final reduced model was obtained only for G. desulfuricans 213E. The best combination of significant parameters for a selective decrosslinking was high concentration of carbon source, absence of DBT and a high OD. ARISA showed the persistence of G. desulfuricans 213E and AF21875 while it was not possible to confirm the persistence of the 8A1531 strain. Finally, naturally colonize VGNR of microorganisms was observed. In the third part of the study, the abilities of these three strains were tested on GTR. Microbial community was analyzed by ARISA and the number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene and of dszA gene were quantified by qPCR. G. desulfuricans 213E and AF21875 persisted in the bioreactor and dszA copy number quantification showed increase during the experiment. In the bioreactor inoculated with 8A1531, it was not possible to confirm the persistence of the strain because the ARISA profile of the strain was similar to the community profile of GTR. Indeed, ARISA characterization and dszA quantification showed that there is a naturally community hosted on GTR with biodesulfurization potential. It could be very interesting to study the desulfurize ability of bacteria naturally hosts on GTR.
BESTETTI, GIUSEPPINA
Biodesulfurization, Biological Devulcanization, Ground Tire Rubber, Recycling, ARISA, qPCR, Next generation sequencing
BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE
English
17-feb-2015
Scuola di dottorato di Scienze
SCIENZE AMBIENTALI - 09R
27
2013/2014
open
(2015). BIODEVULCANIZZAZIONE DI SCARTI DI GOMMA: CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI CEPPI BATTERICI E LORO POTENZIALE UTILIZZO. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/72682
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