Following Italy's ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the country has adopted the human rights model, which defines disability as the result of the interaction between persons with impairments and environmental or cultural barriers that hinder their full participation in social life on an equal basis. Through qualitative research, this project aims to reconstruct the spaces of segregation and trace the transition towards a human rights and empowerment-based approach, promoting a dignified and inclusive life for persons with disabilities. The research focuses on a crucial and often overlooked issue: the condition of women with disabilities. After analysing the conceptual, cultural, and regulatory bases that interpret disability as a social and relational phenomenon shaped by processes of marginalisation, medicalisation, and inequality, the study examines the interpretative models — from the medical to the biopsychosocial — and the role of institutions and welfare actors in defining the boundaries of participation and inclusion. In Italy, women with disabilities face intersectional discrimination — based on gender and disability — aggravated by the lack of disaggregated data that renders them invisible in public policies. In collaboration with stakeholders and key informants, the research investigates how this invisibility is constructed in data and policymaking, its consequences in terms of social, economic, and relational exclusion, and the conceptual and legal tools needed to overcome this structural marginalisation. Drawing on legal and social expertise developed in the field of disability rights, the research examines intersectional discrimination and the need to dismantle cultural and structural barriers. The work aims to give voice to women with disabilities, actively involving them and promoting a human rights-based approach to counter exclusion and build truly inclusive urban spaces. The research focuses on Milan and the metropolitan area, analysing how the territorial context shapes women's experiences across similar yet diverse urban and suburban settings. Milan and its metropolitan area, given their social complexity and variety of experiences, represent a valuable laboratory for developing knowledge that informs policymaking — oriented not only towards meeting needs but towards promoting well-being and human rights, as envisioned by the CRPD. Participants were contacted through local networks, associations, services, and social media, and selected according to qualitative criteria, prioritising meaningful experiences over statistical representativeness. A total of 60 women were reached. The testimonies collected reveal a social dynamic in which lived space and emotions are sacrificed in favour of an "abstract space" governed by norms, efficiency, and control — an order that impoverishes daily life and limits genuine inclusion. In conclusion, women with disabilities in Italy experience persistent intersectional discrimination, intensified by their invisibility in policies, services, and society. Despite legal protections and the UN Convention, they remain on the margins of a system still marked by stereotypes and barriers that restrict autonomy and participation. Often confined within hyper-familial care models centred on the female figure and hindered by inaccessible spaces, they struggle to assert their rights within a fragmented institutional context — one that generates a pervasive sense of loneliness and injustice that emerged powerfully from their testimonies.
A seguito della ratifica della Convenzione ONU sui Diritti delle Persone con Disabilità (CRPD), l'Italia adotta il modello dei diritti umani, che considera la disabilità come il risultato dell'interazione tra persone con menomazioni e barriere ambientali e culturali che ne ostacolano la piena partecipazione alla vita sociale su base di uguaglianza. Attraverso una ricerca qualitativa, il progetto intende ricostruire gli spazi della segregazione e delineare il passaggio verso un approccio basato sui diritti umani e sull'empowerment, volto a promuovere una vita dignitosa e inclusiva per le persone con disabilità. La ricerca si concentra su un tema cruciale e spesso trascurato: la condizione delle donne con disabilità. Dopo aver analizzato le basi concettuali, culturali e normative che interpretano la disabilità come fenomeno sociale e relazionale, influenzato da processi di marginalizzazione, medicalizzazione e disuguaglianza, lo studio approfondisce i modelli interpretativi – dal medico al biopsicosociale – e il ruolo delle istituzioni e del welfare nel definire i confini della partecipazione e dell'inclusione. In Italia, le donne con disabilità subiscono una discriminazione intersezionale, di genere e di disabilità, aggravata dalla mancanza di dati disaggregati che le rende invisibili nelle politiche pubbliche. In collaborazione con stakeholder e testimoni privilegiati, la ricerca analizza come questa invisibilità si costruisca nei dati e nelle politiche, le sue conseguenze in termini di esclusione sociale, economica e relazionale, e gli strumenti concettuali e normativi necessari per superare tale marginalità strutturale. La ricerca, condotta anche attraverso la prospettiva giuridica e sociale maturata nell'ambito della tutela dei diritti delle persone con disabilità, indaga la discriminazione intersezionale e la necessità di superare barriere culturali e strutturali. Il lavoro mira a dare voce alle donne con disabilità, coinvolgendole attivamente e promuovendo un approccio basato sui diritti umani per contrastare l'esclusione e costruire spazi urbani realmente inclusivi. La ricerca si concentra sui territori di Milano e della città metropolitana, per analizzare come il contesto territoriale influenzi le esperienze femminili in ambiti urbani e suburbani simili ma diversificati. Milano e la sua area metropolitana, per la complessità e la varietà delle esperienze, rappresentano un laboratorio privilegiato per sviluppare conoscenze utili alla definizione di politiche orientate non solo alla risposta ai bisogni, ma alla promozione del benessere e dei diritti umani, come previsto dalla CRPD. Le partecipanti, contattate tramite reti locali, associazioni e servizi e canali social, sono state selezionate secondo criteri qualitativi, privilegiando esperienze significative rispetto alla rappresentatività statistica. Sono state intervistate 60 donne. Le testimonianze raccolte rivelano una dinamica sociale in cui lo spazio vissuto e le emozioni vengono sacrificati a favore di uno "spazio astratto", dominato da norme, efficienza e controllo, che impoverisce la vita quotidiana e limita la reale inclusione. In conclusione, le donne con disabilità in Italia vivono una discriminazione intersezionale, aggravata dalla loro invisibilità nelle politiche, nei servizi e nella società. Nonostante le tutele legislative e la Convenzione ONU, restano ai margini di un sistema ancora segnato da stereotipi e barriere che limitano autonomia e partecipazione. Spesso confinate in modelli iper-familistici di cura centrati sulla figura femminile e ostacolate dall'inaccessibilità degli spazi, faticano ad affermare i propri diritti in un contesto istituzionale frammentato, che alimenta un diffuso senso di solitudine e ingiustizia emerso con forza dalle loro testimonianze.
Abet, L (2026). Luoghi di vita e spazi di discriminazione: donne e ragazze con disabilità tra esclusione e segregazione. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Luoghi di vita e spazi di discriminazione: donne e ragazze con disabilità tra esclusione e segregazione
ABET, LAURA MARIA
2026
Abstract
Following Italy's ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the country has adopted the human rights model, which defines disability as the result of the interaction between persons with impairments and environmental or cultural barriers that hinder their full participation in social life on an equal basis. Through qualitative research, this project aims to reconstruct the spaces of segregation and trace the transition towards a human rights and empowerment-based approach, promoting a dignified and inclusive life for persons with disabilities. The research focuses on a crucial and often overlooked issue: the condition of women with disabilities. After analysing the conceptual, cultural, and regulatory bases that interpret disability as a social and relational phenomenon shaped by processes of marginalisation, medicalisation, and inequality, the study examines the interpretative models — from the medical to the biopsychosocial — and the role of institutions and welfare actors in defining the boundaries of participation and inclusion. In Italy, women with disabilities face intersectional discrimination — based on gender and disability — aggravated by the lack of disaggregated data that renders them invisible in public policies. In collaboration with stakeholders and key informants, the research investigates how this invisibility is constructed in data and policymaking, its consequences in terms of social, economic, and relational exclusion, and the conceptual and legal tools needed to overcome this structural marginalisation. Drawing on legal and social expertise developed in the field of disability rights, the research examines intersectional discrimination and the need to dismantle cultural and structural barriers. The work aims to give voice to women with disabilities, actively involving them and promoting a human rights-based approach to counter exclusion and build truly inclusive urban spaces. The research focuses on Milan and the metropolitan area, analysing how the territorial context shapes women's experiences across similar yet diverse urban and suburban settings. Milan and its metropolitan area, given their social complexity and variety of experiences, represent a valuable laboratory for developing knowledge that informs policymaking — oriented not only towards meeting needs but towards promoting well-being and human rights, as envisioned by the CRPD. Participants were contacted through local networks, associations, services, and social media, and selected according to qualitative criteria, prioritising meaningful experiences over statistical representativeness. A total of 60 women were reached. The testimonies collected reveal a social dynamic in which lived space and emotions are sacrificed in favour of an "abstract space" governed by norms, efficiency, and control — an order that impoverishes daily life and limits genuine inclusion. In conclusion, women with disabilities in Italy experience persistent intersectional discrimination, intensified by their invisibility in policies, services, and society. Despite legal protections and the UN Convention, they remain on the margins of a system still marked by stereotypes and barriers that restrict autonomy and participation. Often confined within hyper-familial care models centred on the female figure and hindered by inaccessible spaces, they struggle to assert their rights within a fragmented institutional context — one that generates a pervasive sense of loneliness and injustice that emerged powerfully from their testimonies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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