From the perspective of the anthropology of law, the thesis presents an investigation into the rights of nature in Ecuador, the first country in the world to have enshrined the subjectification of nature in its Constitution and to have recognised its own rights. The peculiarity of the subject of analysis required an interdisciplinary approach, which culminated in a multidimensional but unified discourse. The focus on concrete, circumscribed and localised manifestations of social phenomena, typically found in ethnographic research, was integrated with the broad, aerial perspective that characterises the legal approach. Aiming to explore the social impact of the application of the rights of nature, the research focuses on the case of recognition of rights to the Bosque Protector Los Cedros, a natural reserve that the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court has protected from the threat of mining activity. In particular, the thesis follows the entire course of the forest's legal proceedings, from the first local mobilisations in defence of conservation to the implementation of the provisions of the ruling, covering also the doctrinal debates on the rights of nature and the legal documents produced by the judiciary. As a prism for empirical observation of the rights of nature, the Los Cedros case constitutes the juncture between the legal dimension and the social context. With an interdisciplinary approach, the analysis ultimately revealed the multiple intersections between law and society, demonstrating how much of the extra-legal is actually part of the law. During the law-making process, the characteristics of an interdependent relationship between the legal and the social emerged, highlighting the tendency to mutually interfere and influence each other. The first chapter, focusing on the theoretical discussion of the research topic, engages in dialogue with the history of the anthropology of law. In particular, it draws connections between the work of three leading authors who, in different periods, shared a common interest in law as a cultural phenomenon inherent in society. Here, the discussion of anthropological theories expands beyond the usual disciplinary field, intersecting with many insights from legal literature, which have corroborated, expanded and deepened it by introducing new perspectives. The second chapter reflects on the methodology, in particular critically addressing the transformations that ethnographic techniques ecountered during the investigation. Both the practical and conceptual aspects of the methodology adopted are explored, as well as the ethical and epistemological implications of these choices. Specifically, it discusses the characteristics of an interdisciplinary ethnography, the construction of a multi-sited field, and the use of multiple research techniques. The third chapter follows the judicial events of the Los Cedros case from legal and social perspectives. The analysis of the text of the ruling and the academic debate on the development of the rights of nature are framed by the analysis of the political and social context in which the ruling took place, aiming to relocate the production of law within the framework of the specific contingencies that influenced its outcome. The fourth chapter analyses the evolution of territorial models and the representations of the environment and nature in the context of the application of the ruling from a diachronic perspective. In tracing how the locality was affected by the changes that occurred on the national and international landscape, a deeper understanding is gained of the dynamics and frictions of today's social fabric, which have interacted with the application of the provisions of the ruling.
La tesi propone uno studio di antropologia del diritto, applicato al fenomeno dei diritti della natura in Ecuador, il primo Paese nel mondo ad aver previsto in Costituzione la soggettivazione della natura. La peculiarità dell’oggetto di analisi ha richiesto l’adozione di un approccio interdisciplinare, che si è rispecchiato in un discorso multidimensionale ma unitario. L’attenzione alle conformazioni concrete, circoscritte e localizzate dei fenomeni sociali, tipica della ricerca etnografica, si è integrata alla prospettiva aerea e ad ampio spettro che caratterizza invece l’approccio giuridico. Con l’obiettivo di sondare l’impatto sociale dell’applicazione dei diritti della natura, la ricerca si sviluppa intorno al caso di riconoscimento di diritti al Bosque Protector Los Cedros, una riserva naturale che la Corte Costituzionale ecuadoriana ha protetto dall’incombere della minaccia dell’attività mineraria. In particolare, la tesi segue l’intero decorso delle vicende giurisdizionali della foresta, dalle prime mobilitazioni locali in difesa della conservazione fino all’implementazione delle disposizioni della sentenza, attraversando i dibattiti dottrinari sui diritti della natura e i documenti prodotti dal potere giudiziario. Come un prisma attraverso cui osservare empiricamente i diritti della natura, il caso Los Cedros costituisce il punto di sutura tra la dimensione giuridica e il contesto sociale. Con un andamento a cavallo tra le discipline, l’analisi ha finito col rilevare i numerosi punti di contatto tra il diritto e la società, dimostrando quanto di extragiuridico sia effettivamente parte del diritto. Ponendo la lente sul processo di produzione del diritto sono emersi i caratteri della relazione di interdipendenza tra il giuridico e il sociale, illuminando una tendenza a interferire e influenzarsi reciprocamente. Il primo capitolo, dedicato alla discussione teorica dell’oggetto di ricerca, si pone in dialogo con la storia dell’antropologia del diritto. In particolare, si tessono alcuni fili di continuità tra il pensiero di tre grandi autori, che in epoche diverse hanno alimentato un comune interesse per il diritto in sé, come fenomeno culturale insito nelle trame della società. Qui la trattazione delle teorie antropologiche si espande al di fuori del consueto campo disciplinare, incrociandosi con numerosi spunti di riflessione tratti dalla letteratura giuridica, che lo hanno corroborato, ampliato e approfondito introducendo nuove prospettive. Il secondo capitolo si occupa di riflettere sulla metodologia della pratica di ricerca, in particolare affrontando criticamente le trasformazioni subite dalla tecnica etnografica durante l’indagine. Si approfondiscono gli aspetti sia pratici sia concettuali della metodologia adottata, così come le implicazioni etiche ed epistemologiche di tali scelte. Nello specifico vengono discussi i connotati di un’etnografia inter-disciplinare, la costruzione di un campo multisituato e l’impiego di tecniche di ricerca molteplici. Il terzo capitolo segue gli eventi giurisdizionali del caso Los Cedros, dalla prospettiva giuridica e da quella sociale. L’analisi del testo della sentenza e del dibattito accademico sullo sviluppo dei diritti della natura è incorniciata dall’analisi del contesto politico e sociale in cui è avvenuta la pronuncia del diritto, nell’ottica di ricollocare la produzione del diritto dentro il quadro delle contingenze specifiche che ne hanno influenzato le sorti. Il quarto capitolo analizza in prospettiva diacronica l’evoluzione dei modelli territoriali e delle rappresentazioni di ambiente e natura nel contesto di applicazione della sentenza. Nella ricostruzione di come la località abbia risentito dei cambiamenti avvenuti nel panorama nazionale e internazionale, si comprendono le dinamiche e gli attriti del tessuto sociale odierno, lo stesso che si è interfacciato con l’applicazione delle disposizioni della sentenza.
Pedrolli, A (2026). Il movimento del diritto. Uno studio antropologico dei diritti della natura in Ecuador. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Il movimento del diritto. Uno studio antropologico dei diritti della natura in Ecuador
PEDROLLI, ANNA
2026
Abstract
From the perspective of the anthropology of law, the thesis presents an investigation into the rights of nature in Ecuador, the first country in the world to have enshrined the subjectification of nature in its Constitution and to have recognised its own rights. The peculiarity of the subject of analysis required an interdisciplinary approach, which culminated in a multidimensional but unified discourse. The focus on concrete, circumscribed and localised manifestations of social phenomena, typically found in ethnographic research, was integrated with the broad, aerial perspective that characterises the legal approach. Aiming to explore the social impact of the application of the rights of nature, the research focuses on the case of recognition of rights to the Bosque Protector Los Cedros, a natural reserve that the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court has protected from the threat of mining activity. In particular, the thesis follows the entire course of the forest's legal proceedings, from the first local mobilisations in defence of conservation to the implementation of the provisions of the ruling, covering also the doctrinal debates on the rights of nature and the legal documents produced by the judiciary. As a prism for empirical observation of the rights of nature, the Los Cedros case constitutes the juncture between the legal dimension and the social context. With an interdisciplinary approach, the analysis ultimately revealed the multiple intersections between law and society, demonstrating how much of the extra-legal is actually part of the law. During the law-making process, the characteristics of an interdependent relationship between the legal and the social emerged, highlighting the tendency to mutually interfere and influence each other. The first chapter, focusing on the theoretical discussion of the research topic, engages in dialogue with the history of the anthropology of law. In particular, it draws connections between the work of three leading authors who, in different periods, shared a common interest in law as a cultural phenomenon inherent in society. Here, the discussion of anthropological theories expands beyond the usual disciplinary field, intersecting with many insights from legal literature, which have corroborated, expanded and deepened it by introducing new perspectives. The second chapter reflects on the methodology, in particular critically addressing the transformations that ethnographic techniques ecountered during the investigation. Both the practical and conceptual aspects of the methodology adopted are explored, as well as the ethical and epistemological implications of these choices. Specifically, it discusses the characteristics of an interdisciplinary ethnography, the construction of a multi-sited field, and the use of multiple research techniques. The third chapter follows the judicial events of the Los Cedros case from legal and social perspectives. The analysis of the text of the ruling and the academic debate on the development of the rights of nature are framed by the analysis of the political and social context in which the ruling took place, aiming to relocate the production of law within the framework of the specific contingencies that influenced its outcome. The fourth chapter analyses the evolution of territorial models and the representations of the environment and nature in the context of the application of the ruling from a diachronic perspective. In tracing how the locality was affected by the changes that occurred on the national and international landscape, a deeper understanding is gained of the dynamics and frictions of today's social fabric, which have interacted with the application of the provisions of the ruling.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di Pedrolli Anna - 896276
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