This thesis examines the principle of procedural economy in criminal proceedings. The first chapter offers a definition of the principle, also through appropriate references to the civil procedure literature. The analysis then adopts a historical-philosophical perspective, focusing on the progressive affirmation of legality as the shaping principle of criminal procedure. The study subsequently turns to the implementation of the «maximum promptness of proceedings» under the 1930 Code of Criminal Procedure, and to the different idea of simplification of forms and non-essential procedural activities emerging in the various reform projects of the criminal procedure code. In the background lie broader trends toward acceleration and greater efficiency of criminal justice, deriving from both the Anglo-American and supranational contexts. The analysis then focuses on the 1999 constitutional reform and on the introduction of the principle of the reasonable length of fair trial, interpreted in systematic connection with the overall procedural system. From this, the work argues that the principle of procedural economy has been constitutionalized within Article 111 par. 2 of the Constitution. It then examines the axiological transformation that has occurred in constitutional case law, marked by the emergence of the efficiency as an autonomous objective of the procedural order – an approach ultimately adopted by the lawmaker as well. The second chapter concentrates on the relationship between efficiency and criminal justice. To this end, it first reconstructs the main contributions developed within the economic analysis of law, highlighting how a notion of efficiency consistent with a specific political-economic theory – namely, neoliberalism – has prevailed. After showing that this is the cultural substratum within which the driving forces of reform in the justice sector, both at the European Union and at the Council of Europe levels, have taken root, the study offers an interpretive framework for analyzing the relationship between efficiency and criminal proceedings. From this perspective, the analysis first turns to case law, identifying a fil rouge in the progressive creation of a purpose-oriented trial that elevates efficiency to the defining goal of the procedural system. The central role of the judge also emerges, being called upon to make the justice system more efficient. After developing some critical arguments, the chapter concludes with an examination of the role played by the lawmaker, highlighting some common trends. The third chapter identifies the deepening crisis of the guarantee-based approach as the main risk underlying both judicial and legislative attempts to functionalize the justice system. It stresses the need to keep the dimensions of jurisdiction and judicial administration clearly distinct, and it argues that criminal procedure is characterized by necessary inefficiencies, insofar as they serve the realization of non-negotiable values. Hence, it is emphasized that within the accusatorial and guarantee-based model of procedure there can be no real opposition between the needs of fact-finding and the rights of the defence and that the principle of procedural economy – as formulated in the first directive to the Code of Criminal Procedure and incorporated in Article 111 par. 2 of the Constitution – serves as an organizational rule of the criminal proceeding ensuring the effectiveness of jurisdiction. Moreover, the principle may also operate as a legislative method, capable of guiding the lawmaker’s political choices toward the dual aim of simplification and essentiality. From this follow several proposals: the recovery of the “substantive” value of procedural forms; the reaffirmation of the centrality of the jurisdiction; and the adoption of a legislative methodology that includes the implementation of a proportionality test within the legislative process.

Il presente lavoro ha ad oggetto il principio di economia processuale nel processo penale. Nel primo capitolo si offre una definizione del principio anche attraverso gli opportuni riferimenti alla letteratura processualcivilistica. L’analisi adotta quindi una chiave storico-filosofica, soffermandosi sulla progressiva affermazione della concezione di legalità modellatrice del rito penale. Dopodiché, lo studio si focalizza sull’attuazione della «massima speditezza nei procedimenti» nell’ambito del codice di procedura penale del 1930 e sulla diversa idea di semplificazione delle forme e delle attività non essenziali nell’ambito dei progetti di riforma del codice. Sullo sfondo, le tendenze verso l’accelerazione e la miglior efficienza della giustizia penale derivanti dal contesto anglosassone e dall’ambito sovranazionale. L’analisi si concentra dunque sulla riforma costituzionale del 1999 e sull’introduzione del principio di ragionevole durata del giusto processo, di cui si offre una lettura unitaria con l’assetto processuale. Da qui, si sostiene l’avvenuta costituzionalizzazione del principio di economia processuale nell’ambito dell’art. 111 co. 2 Cost. Viene quindi svolta un’analisi della mutazione assiologica avvenuta nella giurisprudenza costituzionale, con l’affermazione del concetto di efficienza quale obiettivo proprio dell’ordinamento. Approccio infine adottato anche dal legislatore. Nell’ambito del secondo capitolo, il lavoro si concentra quindi sul rapporto tra efficienza e giustizia penale. Al tal fine, viene innanzitutto offerta una ricostruzione degli studi di analisi economica del diritto, evidenziando come abbia prevalso una nozione di efficienza consentanea ad una specifica teoria politico-economica, quella neoliberale. Dopo aver verificato come sia questo il sostrato culturale in cui si innesta l’azione propulsiva esercitata, nel settore della giustizia, dalla piccola e dalla grande Europa, lo studio offre una chiave di lettura del rapporto tra efficienza e procedimento penale. A tal proposito, l’analisi si sofferma sul versante giurisprudenziale, individuando un fil rouge nella progressiva creazione di un processo di scopo volto ad individuare nell’efficienza l’obiettivo proprio dell’assetto processuale. Emerge inoltre il ruolo centrale del giudice, chiamato a rendere più efficiente il servizio giustizia. Dopo aver svolto alcune argomentazioni critiche, il capitolo si conclude con un’analisi del ruolo svolto dal legislatore, soffermandosi su alcune linee di tendenza. Il terzo capitolo individua nell’accentuazione della crisi del garantismo penale il principale rischio sotteso ai tentativi, giurisprudenziali e legislativi, di funzionalizzazione del servizio giustizia. Si richiama a tal proposito la necessità di tenere ben distinti i profili della giurisdizione e dell’amministrazione della giustizia e si evidenzia come il processo penale sia contraddistinto da inefficienze necessarie, in quanto funzionali alla realizzazione di valori irrinunciabili. Da qui, si sottolinea come nel modello processuale accusatorio-garantista non vi possa essere spazio per un’antitesi tra esigenze di accertamento e garanzie difensive e come il principio di economia processuale, così come enucleato nella prima direttiva al codice di procedura penale e recepito all’art. 111 co. 2 Cost., valga come regola di organizzazione del processo per l’effettività della giurisdizione. Si evidenzia inoltre come il principio possa anche operare quale metodo della legislazione, idoneo ad orientare le scelte politiche del legislatore nella doppia finalità della semplificazione e dell’essenzialità. Da qui, alcune proposte: il recupero del valore “sostanziale” delle forme nel processo; la riaffermazione della centralità del momento giurisdizionale; l’adozione di una metodologia della legislazione attraverso l’implementazione in sede legislativa di un test di proporzionalità.

Nascimbeni, A (2026). Il principio di economia processuale penale. Profili teorico ricostruttivi. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Il principio di economia processuale penale. Profili teorico ricostruttivi

NASCIMBENI, ALESSANDRO
2026

Abstract

This thesis examines the principle of procedural economy in criminal proceedings. The first chapter offers a definition of the principle, also through appropriate references to the civil procedure literature. The analysis then adopts a historical-philosophical perspective, focusing on the progressive affirmation of legality as the shaping principle of criminal procedure. The study subsequently turns to the implementation of the «maximum promptness of proceedings» under the 1930 Code of Criminal Procedure, and to the different idea of simplification of forms and non-essential procedural activities emerging in the various reform projects of the criminal procedure code. In the background lie broader trends toward acceleration and greater efficiency of criminal justice, deriving from both the Anglo-American and supranational contexts. The analysis then focuses on the 1999 constitutional reform and on the introduction of the principle of the reasonable length of fair trial, interpreted in systematic connection with the overall procedural system. From this, the work argues that the principle of procedural economy has been constitutionalized within Article 111 par. 2 of the Constitution. It then examines the axiological transformation that has occurred in constitutional case law, marked by the emergence of the efficiency as an autonomous objective of the procedural order – an approach ultimately adopted by the lawmaker as well. The second chapter concentrates on the relationship between efficiency and criminal justice. To this end, it first reconstructs the main contributions developed within the economic analysis of law, highlighting how a notion of efficiency consistent with a specific political-economic theory – namely, neoliberalism – has prevailed. After showing that this is the cultural substratum within which the driving forces of reform in the justice sector, both at the European Union and at the Council of Europe levels, have taken root, the study offers an interpretive framework for analyzing the relationship between efficiency and criminal proceedings. From this perspective, the analysis first turns to case law, identifying a fil rouge in the progressive creation of a purpose-oriented trial that elevates efficiency to the defining goal of the procedural system. The central role of the judge also emerges, being called upon to make the justice system more efficient. After developing some critical arguments, the chapter concludes with an examination of the role played by the lawmaker, highlighting some common trends. The third chapter identifies the deepening crisis of the guarantee-based approach as the main risk underlying both judicial and legislative attempts to functionalize the justice system. It stresses the need to keep the dimensions of jurisdiction and judicial administration clearly distinct, and it argues that criminal procedure is characterized by necessary inefficiencies, insofar as they serve the realization of non-negotiable values. Hence, it is emphasized that within the accusatorial and guarantee-based model of procedure there can be no real opposition between the needs of fact-finding and the rights of the defence and that the principle of procedural economy – as formulated in the first directive to the Code of Criminal Procedure and incorporated in Article 111 par. 2 of the Constitution – serves as an organizational rule of the criminal proceeding ensuring the effectiveness of jurisdiction. Moreover, the principle may also operate as a legislative method, capable of guiding the lawmaker’s political choices toward the dual aim of simplification and essentiality. From this follow several proposals: the recovery of the “substantive” value of procedural forms; the reaffirmation of the centrality of the jurisdiction; and the adoption of a legislative methodology that includes the implementation of a proportionality test within the legislative process.
MAZZA, OLIVIERO
LONATI, SIMONE
Processo penale; Economia processuale; Giusto processo; Garantismo; Efficienza
Criminal Proceeding; Procedural Economy; Fair Trial; Guarantees; Efficiency
Italian
13-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
embargoed_20290213
Nascimbeni, A (2026). Il principio di economia processuale penale. Profili teorico ricostruttivi. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610756
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