The global growing concern about the effects of climate change has driven governments, researchers, and policy communities to search for technologically feasible, economically efficient, and socially acceptable pathways. The European Union’s Green Deal and Fit-for-55 package set ambitious emissions reductions and large-scale renewable energy deployment targets. However, the pace and fairness of transition vary considerably across countries and regions, suggesting that physical, behavioural, and macroeconomic factors are deeply intertwined. This thesis contributes to this discussion by combining econometric analysis, survey-based behavioural modelling, and an integrated macro-energy system modelling framework. The first essay examines the drivers of renewable energy (RE) deployment across the EU-27 from 2012 to 2022. Using panel data econometrics and uncertainty-based forecasting. The results show that expansion in renewable energy is shaped by resource endowment and electricity prices, policy pressure through the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) targets, research and development spending, and carbon intensity. Scenario projections illustrate that renewable capacity could grow substantially under a Climate Emergency pathway, while a Business-as-Usual trajectory risks slower adoption and higher emissions dependence. The second essay shifts to the behavioural dimension of decarbonisation. Drawing from the 2023/2024 microdata of the European Social Survey, we investigate how personal values, beliefs in human-caused climate change, and institutional trust influence individuals’ responsibility to reduce climate change. The findings show that citizens with self-transcendence values and higher confidence in public institutions express stronger responsibility for reducing climate change, whereas scepticism and conservation values weaken this perception. These results highlight that low-carbon transitions require infrastructure, investment, social legitimacy, and public engagement. The third essay focuses on Italy and develops a novel soft-linked modelling approach combining a multi-regional computable general equilibrium model with the AdOpT-NET0 energy system model. The results show that ETS1 and ETS2 policies help to deliver substantial emission reductions and renewable expansion, with uneven macroeconomic and welfare impacts across Italy’s five macro-regions. These distributional differences across regions highlight the need for supplementary policy measures even though the transition is technically feasible. This thesis demonstrates how decarbonisation is contingent upon aligning system-level viability, behavioural drivers, and economic incentives. Keywords: Renewable energy; Decarbonisation; Carbon pricing; CGE modelling; Energy system optimisation; Individual responsibility; European Social Survey.

La crescente preoccupazione globale per gli effetti del cambiamento climatico ha spinto governi, ricercatori e comunità politiche a individuare percorsi che siano tecnologicamente realizzabili, economicamente efficienti e socialmente accettabili. Il Green Deal e il pacchetto Fit for 55 dell’Unione Europea fissano obiettivi ambiziosi di riduzione delle emissioni e di ampia diffusione delle energie rinnovabili. Tuttavia, il ritmo e l’equità della transizione variano notevolmente tra Paesi e regioni, a indicare che fattori fisici, comportamentali e macroeconomici sono profondamente interconnessi. Questa tesi contribuisce al dibattito combinando analisi econometriche, modelli comportamentali basati su indagini campionarie e un quadro integrato di modellizzazione macro-energetica. Il primo saggio analizza i fattori che hanno determinato la diffusione delle energie rinnovabili (ER) nei 27 Paesi dell’UE nel periodo 2012–2022, utilizzando tecniche di econometria dei dati panel e previsioni basate sull’incertezza. I risultati mostrano che l’espansione delle rinnovabili è influenzata dalla disponibilità di risorse e dai prezzi dell’elettricità, dalla pressione delle politiche attraverso gli obiettivi dei Piani Nazionali per l’Energia e il Clima (PNIEC), dagli investimenti in ricerca e sviluppo e dall’intensità di carbonio. Le proiezioni di scenario evidenziano che la capacità rinnovabile potrebbe crescere in modo sostanziale seguendo un percorso di “Emergenza Climatica”, mentre una traiettoria di Business-as-Usual comporterebbe un’adozione più lenta e una maggiore dipendenza dalle emissioni. Il secondo saggio affronta la dimensione comportamentale della decarbonizzazione. Basandosi sui microdati 2023/2024 della European Social Survey, si analizza in che modo i valori personali, le credenze sul cambiamento climatico di origine antropica e la fiducia nelle istituzioni influenzino il senso di responsabilità individuale nel ridurre il cambiamento climatico. I risultati mostrano che i cittadini con valori di auto-trascendenza e maggiore fiducia nelle istituzioni pubbliche esprimono una più forte responsabilità verso la mitigazione del cambiamento climatico, mentre scetticismo e valori conservatori ne attenuano la percezione. Questi risultati evidenziano come le transizioni a basse emissioni richiedano non solo infrastrutture e investimenti, ma anche legittimazione sociale e partecipazione pubblica. Il terzo saggio si concentra sull’Italia e sviluppa un approccio di modellizzazione innovativo soft-linked, che integra un modello di equilibrio economico generale multi-regionale con il modello energetico AdOpT-NET0. I risultati mostrano che le politiche ETS1 ed ETS2 consentono di ottenere significative riduzioni delle emissioni e un’espansione delle rinnovabili, sebbene con effetti macroeconomici e di benessere disomogenei tra le cinque macroregioni italiane. Queste differenze distributive sottolineano la necessità di misure politiche integrative, pur in un contesto di transizione tecnicamente realizzabile. La tesi dimostra come la decarbonizzazione dipenda dal coordinamento tra sostenibilità sistemica, fattori comportamentali e incentivi economici.

Jammeh, B (2026). ESSAYS ON MACROECONOMICS, BEHAVIOUR, AND ENERGY SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND ITALY’S DECARBONISATION. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

ESSAYS ON MACROECONOMICS, BEHAVIOUR, AND ENERGY SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND ITALY’S DECARBONISATION

JAMMEH, BAKARY
2026

Abstract

The global growing concern about the effects of climate change has driven governments, researchers, and policy communities to search for technologically feasible, economically efficient, and socially acceptable pathways. The European Union’s Green Deal and Fit-for-55 package set ambitious emissions reductions and large-scale renewable energy deployment targets. However, the pace and fairness of transition vary considerably across countries and regions, suggesting that physical, behavioural, and macroeconomic factors are deeply intertwined. This thesis contributes to this discussion by combining econometric analysis, survey-based behavioural modelling, and an integrated macro-energy system modelling framework. The first essay examines the drivers of renewable energy (RE) deployment across the EU-27 from 2012 to 2022. Using panel data econometrics and uncertainty-based forecasting. The results show that expansion in renewable energy is shaped by resource endowment and electricity prices, policy pressure through the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) targets, research and development spending, and carbon intensity. Scenario projections illustrate that renewable capacity could grow substantially under a Climate Emergency pathway, while a Business-as-Usual trajectory risks slower adoption and higher emissions dependence. The second essay shifts to the behavioural dimension of decarbonisation. Drawing from the 2023/2024 microdata of the European Social Survey, we investigate how personal values, beliefs in human-caused climate change, and institutional trust influence individuals’ responsibility to reduce climate change. The findings show that citizens with self-transcendence values and higher confidence in public institutions express stronger responsibility for reducing climate change, whereas scepticism and conservation values weaken this perception. These results highlight that low-carbon transitions require infrastructure, investment, social legitimacy, and public engagement. The third essay focuses on Italy and develops a novel soft-linked modelling approach combining a multi-regional computable general equilibrium model with the AdOpT-NET0 energy system model. The results show that ETS1 and ETS2 policies help to deliver substantial emission reductions and renewable expansion, with uneven macroeconomic and welfare impacts across Italy’s five macro-regions. These distributional differences across regions highlight the need for supplementary policy measures even though the transition is technically feasible. This thesis demonstrates how decarbonisation is contingent upon aligning system-level viability, behavioural drivers, and economic incentives. Keywords: Renewable energy; Decarbonisation; Carbon pricing; CGE modelling; Energy system optimisation; Individual responsibility; European Social Survey.
BECCARELLO, MASSIMO
Energie rinnovabili; Decarbonizzazione; Prezzo del carbonio; Modellizzazione CGE; individuale
Renewable energy; Decarbonisation; Carbon pricing; CGE modelling; Individuals
English
11-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
embargoed_20290211
Jammeh, B (2026). ESSAYS ON MACROECONOMICS, BEHAVIOUR, AND ENERGY SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND ITALY’S DECARBONISATION. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Descrizione: ESSAYS ON MACROECONOMICS, BEHAVIOUR, AND ENERGY SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND ITALY’S DECARBONISATION
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610753
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