Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose limiting side effect of cancer therapy that can lead to therapy interruption. CIPN is mainly characterized by sensory symptoms in a “glove and stocking” distribution, including paraesthesia, dysesthesia, neuropathic pain, and more rarely motor and autonomic dysfunctions, with debilitating effects on the patients’ quality of life. Moreover, CIPN is associated with central nervous system disturbances, including cognitive impairments and alterations to the affective sphere. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug frequently employed for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, which can bind to β-tubulin enhancing microtubule polymerization and alter mitotic spindle in actively dividing cells. PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a length-dependent sensory polyneuropathy, characterized by severe axonopathy and high incidence of chronic pain, with occasional development of central nervous system comorbidities. Given the lack of effective preventive and curative treatments, it is desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting newly discovered pathological mechanisms. For this reason, we choose to investigate functional and structural alterations linked to the supraspinal pain circuit in a preclinical model of PIPN. We treated female Wistar rats with intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg PTX or vehicle solution once a week for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of follow-up, and we reached our experimental aims in two studies. In the first study we characterized our preclinical PIPN model, we investigated neuronal activity alterations in supraspinal pain hubs, and we evaluated the onset of cognitive impairments. Through morpho-functional analysis we attested the development of a progressively severe, and long lasting axonopathy in PTX animals, accompanied by reduction of intraepidermal nerve fibre density and persistent mechanical allodynia. Electrophysiological analysis, performed implanting Multielectrode micro-arrays (MEAs) in supraspinal areas involved in pain processing, displayed increased pain-evoked firing activity in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), thalamus, and Peri-Aqueductal Grey (PAG), leading to pain sensitization in the mPFC and thalamus, loss of excitatory/inhibitory balance in the mPFC neuronal circuit, and increased brain synchrony for alpha bands oscillations. Related cognitive impairments in PTX animals, revealed through behavioural testing for short-term spatial memory (T-maze task), were also present. In the second study of our work, we investigated alterations of mood, motor skills, and brain plasticity associated with PIPN. Stress-related alterations to palatable food intake with increased glucose consumption was observed in PTX animals. No evident anxious behaviour but a trend of decreasing speed of movement was observed in the PTX group of animals. No changes in the dendritic length of mPFC pyramidal neurons were noticed using the Golgi-Cox histological technique while increased expression of p-CaMKIIα, a neuronal marker of pain and synaptic plasticity, was measured in the mPFC and PAG of the PTX group.
La neuropatia periferica indotta chemioterapia (CIPN) è un effetto collaterale della terapia per il cancro che può portare all’interruzione della terapia. La CIPN è principalmente caratterizzata da sintomi sensoriali in una distribuzione “guanto e calzino” che include parestesia, disestesia, dolore neuropatico, e più raramente disfunzioni del sistema motorio e autonomo, con effetti invalidanti sulla qualità della vita del paziente. Inoltre, la CIPN è associata con disturbi del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC), comprendente disturbi cognitivi e alterazioni della sfera emotiva. Il paclitaxel (PTX) è un farmaco chemioterapico usato di frequente per il trattamento del cancro a ovaio, seno, e polmone, che può legarsi alla β-tubulina incrementando il processo di polimerizzazione dei microtubuli e alterando il fuso mitotico delle cellule in divisione. La neuropatia periferica indotta da PTX (PIPN) è una polineuropatia sensoriale lunghezza-dipendente caratterizzata da grave assonopatia e alta frequenza di sviluppare dolore cronico, con occasionali sviluppi di comorbidità associate al SNC. Considerando la mancanza di trattamenti preventivi e curativi, è auspicabile sviluppare nuove strategie terapeutiche mirate a colpire nuovi meccanismi patologici. Per questo motive, abbiamo scelto di investigare alterazioni funzionali e strutturali legate al circuito sopraspinale di elaborazione del dolore in un modello preclinico di PIPN. Abbiamo trattato ratti Wistar femmine con somministrazioni endovenose di 10 mg/kg PTX o la corrispondente soluzione veicolo una volta a settimana per 4 settimane, seguite da 4 settimane di monitoraggio, a abbiamo raggiunto i nostri obiettivi sperimentali con due studi. Nel primo studio abbiamo caratterizzato il nostro modello preclinico di PIPN, abbiamo investigato alterazioni di attività neuronale nei centri sopraspinali di elaborazione del dolore, e abbiamo valutato lo sviluppo di disturbi cognitivi. Attraverso analisi morfo-funzionali abbiamo confermato lo sviluppo di una assonopatia a lungo termine e che si aggrava progressivamente negli animali PTX, accompagnata da una riduzione della densità delle fibre intraepidermiche e allodinia meccanica persistente. Analisi elettrofisiologiche, eseguite grazie all’impianto di Matrici Multielettrodo (MEAs) nelle aree sopraspinali coinvolte nell’elaborazione del dolore, hanno mostrato un aumento della frequenza del potenziale d’azione evocato dal dolore nella corteccia prefrontale mediale (mPFC), talamo e grigio periaqueduttale (PAG), portando a una sensibilizzazione al dolore in mPFC e talamo, perdita di equilibrio eccitatorio/inibitorio nel circuito neuronale di mPFC, e un aumento di sincronia per le oscillazioni nelle bande alfa. Negli animali PTX sono anche stati osservati disturbi cognitivi, rivelati attraverso un test comportamentale per la valutazione di memoria spaziale a breve termine (T-maze test). Nel secondo studio del nostro progetto, abbiamo valutato alterazioni della sfera umorale, abilità motorie, e plasticità cerebrale associata alla PIPN. Alterazioni indotte da stress riguardo il consumo di cibo appetibile sono state riscontrate negli animali PTX, tramite un aumento del consumo di glucosio. Negli animali PTX non sono stati evidenziati comportamenti ansiosi ma un trend decrescente della velocità di movimento. Non sono stati osservati cambiamenti nella lunghezza dendritica dei neuroni piramidali in mPFC usando la tecnica istologica del Golgi-Cox mentre un aumento di espressione di p-CaMKIIα, un marker neuronale di dolore e plasticità sinaptica, è stato misurato in mPFC e PAG del gruppo PTX.
Cherchi, L (2026). STUDY OF THE SUPRASPINAL PAIN PATHWAY IN EXPERIMENTAL PACLITAXEL INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
STUDY OF THE SUPRASPINAL PAIN PATHWAY IN EXPERIMENTAL PACLITAXEL INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
CHERCHI, LAURA
2026
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose limiting side effect of cancer therapy that can lead to therapy interruption. CIPN is mainly characterized by sensory symptoms in a “glove and stocking” distribution, including paraesthesia, dysesthesia, neuropathic pain, and more rarely motor and autonomic dysfunctions, with debilitating effects on the patients’ quality of life. Moreover, CIPN is associated with central nervous system disturbances, including cognitive impairments and alterations to the affective sphere. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug frequently employed for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, which can bind to β-tubulin enhancing microtubule polymerization and alter mitotic spindle in actively dividing cells. PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a length-dependent sensory polyneuropathy, characterized by severe axonopathy and high incidence of chronic pain, with occasional development of central nervous system comorbidities. Given the lack of effective preventive and curative treatments, it is desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting newly discovered pathological mechanisms. For this reason, we choose to investigate functional and structural alterations linked to the supraspinal pain circuit in a preclinical model of PIPN. We treated female Wistar rats with intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg PTX or vehicle solution once a week for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of follow-up, and we reached our experimental aims in two studies. In the first study we characterized our preclinical PIPN model, we investigated neuronal activity alterations in supraspinal pain hubs, and we evaluated the onset of cognitive impairments. Through morpho-functional analysis we attested the development of a progressively severe, and long lasting axonopathy in PTX animals, accompanied by reduction of intraepidermal nerve fibre density and persistent mechanical allodynia. Electrophysiological analysis, performed implanting Multielectrode micro-arrays (MEAs) in supraspinal areas involved in pain processing, displayed increased pain-evoked firing activity in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), thalamus, and Peri-Aqueductal Grey (PAG), leading to pain sensitization in the mPFC and thalamus, loss of excitatory/inhibitory balance in the mPFC neuronal circuit, and increased brain synchrony for alpha bands oscillations. Related cognitive impairments in PTX animals, revealed through behavioural testing for short-term spatial memory (T-maze task), were also present. In the second study of our work, we investigated alterations of mood, motor skills, and brain plasticity associated with PIPN. Stress-related alterations to palatable food intake with increased glucose consumption was observed in PTX animals. No evident anxious behaviour but a trend of decreasing speed of movement was observed in the PTX group of animals. No changes in the dendritic length of mPFC pyramidal neurons were noticed using the Golgi-Cox histological technique while increased expression of p-CaMKIIα, a neuronal marker of pain and synaptic plasticity, was measured in the mPFC and PAG of the PTX group.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: STUDY OF THE SUPRASPINAL PAIN PATHWAY IN EXPERIMENTAL PACLITAXEL INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
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Doctoral thesis
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