This thesis presents the outcome of a three-year research activity conducted within the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), focusing on two complementary domains: precision electroweak physics and detector instrumentation for the Phase-2 upgrade. The first part of this work is devoted to the measurement of the Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) production of the Z bosons and its interpretation within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). I am the main analyzer for the full Run 2 dataset collected by CMS at sqrt(s)=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 /fb. The results include the inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections of the electroweak Z + 2 jets process and the unfolding to particle level for key observables that characterize the VBF topology. A Deep Neural Network (DNN) was trained to enhance the separation between the electroweak signal and the Drell-Yan background, maximazing the precision of the measurement. The analysis is currently in the CMS approval process both for the Standard Model (SM) measurement and for its SMEFT interpretation. The results of my thesis are also included in a EFT CMS combination, where the VBF-Z channel provides leading sensitivity to two bosonic dimension-six operators in the Warsaw basis, cHWB and cHDD, playing a central role in constraining new physics effects in the electroweak sector. The second part of the thesis focuses on the development of the Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for the MIP Timing Detector (MTD), a key upgrade of the CMS detector designed to mitigate the effects of high pileup during the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era exploiting 4D tracking (space and time). I was the main developer of the MTD DAQ software, which provides full control, monitoring, and data readout capabilities for the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL). The software architecture was designed to be modular and scalable, enabling seamless communication with front-end and control electronics. A stable and production-ready version of the DAQ was achieved and is now routinely used at the BTL Assembly Centers (BACs) for large-scale tray validation and quality-control operations. The same framework was successfully employed during BTL test beam campaigns to perform timing and calibration studies under realistic conditions, demonstrating its robustness and readiness for detector integration. Together, these two projects illustrate the dual nature of experimental high-energy physics: the pursuit of precision measurements that probe the Standard Model at unprecedented accuracy, and the development of advanced instrumentation that enables those measurements. The results presented in this work contribute both to the understanding of electroweak interactions through the VBF-Z process and to the technological foundation of the CMS detector in preparation for the HL-LHC program.
Questa tesi presenta i risultati di un'attività di ricerca triennale svolta all'interno della collaborazione Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) presso il Large Hadron Collider (LHC) del CERN, incentrata su due ambiti complementari: la fisica elettrodebole di precisione e lo sviluppo strumentale per l'upgrade di Fase~2 dell'esperimento. La prima parte del lavoro è dedicata alla misura della produzione elettrodebole di bosoni Z tramite Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) e alla sua interpretazione nel contesto della Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Sono il principale analista per l'intero dataset di Run 2 raccolto da CMS a sqrt(s)=13 TeV, corrispondente a una luminosità integrata di 138 /fb. I risultati includono la misura delle sezioni d'urto inclusiva, fiduciale e differenziale del processo elettrodebole Z + 2 getti, nonché dell'unfolding per un insieme di osservabili chiave che caratterizzano la topologia VBF. Per migliorare la separazione tra il segnale elettrodebole e il fondo Drell-Yan è stata addestrata una Deep Neural Network (DNN), massimizzando la precisione della misura. L'analisi è attualmente in fase di approvazione all'interno di CMS, sia per la misura nel Modello Standard (SM) sia per la sua interpretazione EFT. All'interno di una combinazione EFT di CMS, la misura del canale VBF-Z fornisce la massima sensibilità a due operatori bosonici di dimensione sei nella base di Varsavia con cHWB e cHDD, svolgendo un ruolo centrale nel vincolare possibili effetti di nuova fisica nel settore elettrodebole. La seconda parte della tesi è dedicata allo sviluppo del sistema di acquisizione dati (DAQ) per il MIP Timing Detector (MTD), un componente fondamentale dell'upgrade del rivelatore CMS progettato per mitigare gli effetti di pileup nella fase di alta luminosità di LHC (HL-LHC), sfruttando tecniche di tracciamento 4D (spazio e tempo). Sono stato il principale sviluppatore del software di DAQ del MTD, che consente il controllo completo, il monitoraggio e la lettura dei dati per il Barrel Timing Layer (BTL). L'architettura del software è stata progettata in modo modulare e scalabile, permettendo una comunicazione efficiente con l'elettronica di front-end. Una versione stabile e pronta per la produzione è ora utilizzata regolarmente nei BTL Assembly Centers (BAC) per la validazione e il controllo qualità dei tray di BTL su larga scala. Lo stesso framework è stato impiegato con successo anche durante un test beam, per studi di risoluzione temporale e calibrazione in condizioni realistiche, dimostrando la sua robustezza e prontezza all'integrazione nel rivelatore. Nel complesso, questi due progetti rappresentano la duplice essenza della fisica sperimentale delle alte energie: le misure di precisione che sondano il Modello Standard con accuratezza senza precedenti e lo sviluppo di strumentazione avanzata che rende possibili tali misure. I risultati presentati in questo lavoro contribuiscono sia alla comprensione delle interazioni elettrodeboli attraverso il processo VBF-Z, sia al consolidamento tecnologico del rivelatore CMS in vista del programma HL-LHC.
Pizzati, G (2026). Measurement of the Electroweak Production of Z Bosons in Proton Collisions and the Data Acquisition System for the CMS MIP Timing Detector. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Measurement of the Electroweak Production of Z Bosons in Proton Collisions and the Data Acquisition System for the CMS MIP Timing Detector
PIZZATI, GIORGIO
2026
Abstract
This thesis presents the outcome of a three-year research activity conducted within the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), focusing on two complementary domains: precision electroweak physics and detector instrumentation for the Phase-2 upgrade. The first part of this work is devoted to the measurement of the Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) production of the Z bosons and its interpretation within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). I am the main analyzer for the full Run 2 dataset collected by CMS at sqrt(s)=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 /fb. The results include the inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections of the electroweak Z + 2 jets process and the unfolding to particle level for key observables that characterize the VBF topology. A Deep Neural Network (DNN) was trained to enhance the separation between the electroweak signal and the Drell-Yan background, maximazing the precision of the measurement. The analysis is currently in the CMS approval process both for the Standard Model (SM) measurement and for its SMEFT interpretation. The results of my thesis are also included in a EFT CMS combination, where the VBF-Z channel provides leading sensitivity to two bosonic dimension-six operators in the Warsaw basis, cHWB and cHDD, playing a central role in constraining new physics effects in the electroweak sector. The second part of the thesis focuses on the development of the Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for the MIP Timing Detector (MTD), a key upgrade of the CMS detector designed to mitigate the effects of high pileup during the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era exploiting 4D tracking (space and time). I was the main developer of the MTD DAQ software, which provides full control, monitoring, and data readout capabilities for the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL). The software architecture was designed to be modular and scalable, enabling seamless communication with front-end and control electronics. A stable and production-ready version of the DAQ was achieved and is now routinely used at the BTL Assembly Centers (BACs) for large-scale tray validation and quality-control operations. The same framework was successfully employed during BTL test beam campaigns to perform timing and calibration studies under realistic conditions, demonstrating its robustness and readiness for detector integration. Together, these two projects illustrate the dual nature of experimental high-energy physics: the pursuit of precision measurements that probe the Standard Model at unprecedented accuracy, and the development of advanced instrumentation that enables those measurements. The results presented in this work contribute both to the understanding of electroweak interactions through the VBF-Z process and to the technological foundation of the CMS detector in preparation for the HL-LHC program.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di Pizzati Giorgio - 826389
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Doctoral thesis
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