Touch is a fundamental channel through which humans regulate emotion, build relationships, and sustain social connection. From early life, tactile contact acts as a biopsychosocial regulator that integrates sensory, autonomic, and relational systems. This doctoral dissertation investigates social and affective touch as a multidimensional phenomenon, combining its top-down relational meaning with its bottom-up neurophysiological mechanisms across typical and atypical developmental trajectories. Four empirical studies, integrating behavioural and physiological methods, explore how touch supports relational, emotional, and physiological regulation from infancy to adolescence. Chapter 1 (Study 1) analysed early family interactions within mother-father-infant triads, showing that parental touch functions as a flexible and context-sensitive form of nonverbal communication reflecting both relational dynamics and child characteristics. Chapter (Study 2) experimentally tested whether affective touch buffers frustration in school-aged children. Using an adapted Affective Posner Task, CT-optimal touch preserved attentional control and parasympathetic stability under stress, supporting its role as an embodied stress-buffering mechanism. Chapter 3 (Study 3) investigated children exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Despite early adversity, these children still perceived affective touch as pleasant and showed preserved autonomic sensitivity to affiliative stimulation, suggesting that gentle contact remains a viable channel for resilience after relational trauma. Chapter 4 (Study 4) focused on adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), revealing that affective touch was perceived as more pleasant and associated with reduced heart rate, emotional arousal, and lower glucose levels, indicating links between tactile and metabolic regulation. By integrating social, physiological, and clinical perspectives, this work contributes to a unified understanding of how touch sustains emotional balance and well-being, offering new insights for developmental science and for designing touch-based interventions that promote resilience across the lifespan.

Il tocco rappresenta un canale fondamentale attraverso cui gli esseri umani regolano le emozioni, costruiscono interazioni e mantengono le relazioni sociali. Fin dalla prima infanzia, il contatto corporeo agisce come un regolatore biopsicosociale che integra sistemi sensoriali, autonomici e relazionali. La presente tesi di dottorato indaga il tocco sociale e affettivo come fenomeno multidimensionale, combinando il suo significato relazionale (top-down) con i meccanismi neurofisiologici sottostanti (bottom-up) lungo traiettorie di sviluppo tipiche e atipiche. I quattro studi empirici presentati utilizzano misure comportamentali e fisiologiche per esplorare come il tocco sostenga i processi di regolazione relazionale, emotiva e fisiologica dall’infanzia all’adolescenza. Il primo capitolo (Studio 1) ha analizzato le interazioni precoci all’interno di triadi madre-padre-bambino, mostrando che il tocco genitoriale è una forma di comunicazione non verbale flessibile e sensibile al contesto, che riflette le dinamiche familiari e le caratteristiche del bambino. Il secondo capitolo (Studio 2) ha indagato il ruolo del tocco affettivo nella regolazione dello stress in bambini in età scolare. Attraverso un compito di frustrazione, è emerso che il tocco affettivo sostiene il controllo attentivo e la stabilità parasimpatica, svolgendo una funzione di protezione dallo stress. Il terzo capitolo (Studio 3) ha analizzato le risposte comportamentali e fisiologiche di bambini esposti a esperienze avverse (ACEs), evidenziando che essi percepiscono il tocco affettivo come piacevole e mantengono una sensibilità fisiologica preservata, a indicare che il contatto affiliativo può rappresentare una risorsa regolativa anche dopo esperienze precoci di difficoltà. Infine, il quarto capitolo (Studio 4) ha coinvolto adolescenti con Diabete Mellito di Tipo 1, rivelando che il tocco affettivo modula la frequenza cardiaca, l’attivazione emotiva e i livelli glicemici, indicando un possibile legame tra regolazione tattile e metabolica. Integrando prospettive sociali, fisiologiche e cliniche, la tesi contribuisce a una comprensione del tocco come meccanismo di connessione e benessere lungo l’arco di vita, offrendo nuove prospettive per la psicologia dello sviluppo e per interventi basati sul contatto corporeo.

Chiodi, G (2026). Every touch you take: the dynamics of tactile interactions across typical and atypical development. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Every touch you take: the dynamics of tactile interactions across typical and atypical development

CHIODI, GRETA
2026

Abstract

Touch is a fundamental channel through which humans regulate emotion, build relationships, and sustain social connection. From early life, tactile contact acts as a biopsychosocial regulator that integrates sensory, autonomic, and relational systems. This doctoral dissertation investigates social and affective touch as a multidimensional phenomenon, combining its top-down relational meaning with its bottom-up neurophysiological mechanisms across typical and atypical developmental trajectories. Four empirical studies, integrating behavioural and physiological methods, explore how touch supports relational, emotional, and physiological regulation from infancy to adolescence. Chapter 1 (Study 1) analysed early family interactions within mother-father-infant triads, showing that parental touch functions as a flexible and context-sensitive form of nonverbal communication reflecting both relational dynamics and child characteristics. Chapter (Study 2) experimentally tested whether affective touch buffers frustration in school-aged children. Using an adapted Affective Posner Task, CT-optimal touch preserved attentional control and parasympathetic stability under stress, supporting its role as an embodied stress-buffering mechanism. Chapter 3 (Study 3) investigated children exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Despite early adversity, these children still perceived affective touch as pleasant and showed preserved autonomic sensitivity to affiliative stimulation, suggesting that gentle contact remains a viable channel for resilience after relational trauma. Chapter 4 (Study 4) focused on adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), revealing that affective touch was perceived as more pleasant and associated with reduced heart rate, emotional arousal, and lower glucose levels, indicating links between tactile and metabolic regulation. By integrating social, physiological, and clinical perspectives, this work contributes to a unified understanding of how touch sustains emotional balance and well-being, offering new insights for developmental science and for designing touch-based interventions that promote resilience across the lifespan.
TURATI, CHIARA
tocco sociale; tocco affettivo; interazioni tattili; regolazione emotiva; sviluppo atipico
social touch; affective touch; tactile interactions; emotion regulation; atypical development
Italian
4-mar-2026
38
2024/2025
embargoed_20290304
Chiodi, G (2026). Every touch you take: the dynamics of tactile interactions across typical and atypical development. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
phd_unimib_738054.pdf

embargo fino al 04/03/2029

Descrizione: Tesi dottorato di Chiodi Greta - 738054
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
Dimensione 2.82 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
2.82 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610723
Citazioni
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
Social impact