This doctoral thesis examines how health-related vulnerability influences individuals' work experiences and career paths, as well as the conditions that enable them to maintain sustainable employment. Drawing on a biopsychosocial and multisystemic perspective, this thesis examines how individual, organizational, and institutional factors intersect to support or hinder the participation of vulnerable workers (i.e., with chronic diseases or disabilities). The thesis is structured in four complementary studies. The first is a scoping review of 28 quantitative studies, which identifies the main factors (both positive and negative) associated with absenteeism among vulnerable workers. The results highlight the central role of health-related variables, such as BMI, chronic and musculoskeletal disorders, distress, sleep problems, and work ability. In addition, work-related and socio-demographic factors also emerged, including control over work, physical workload, supervisor support, age, gender, education, and income. The second study focuses on the long-term experience of full-remote work among vulnerable employees in an Italian public administration. Through qualitative interviews, it is evident that full-remote work can help sustain health and job continuity when it offers flexibility and autonomy. However, it can also increase isolation and have a negative impact on one’s professional identity. These findings underscore the need for stronger organizational recognition and more inclusive management practices. The third study examines how public-sector employers manage situations of workplace vulnerability. In a context marked by bureaucracy and strict regulations, many describe policies as rigid and limiting, leaving little room for discretion or tailored accommodations. Despite this, employers play a key role in mediating between institutional rules and workers’ needs and highlight how they manage complex situations of tension with insufficient training and support. The fourth study, conducted in Canada, investigates how managers communicate and coordinate with other stakeholders during the return-to-work process after common mental or musculoskeletal disorders. The analysis reveals that return-to-work communication has both procedural and relational dimensions, involving not only practical coordination but also trust, empathy, and clarity. However, it is often challenged by ambiguity, fragmented collaboration, and time constraints. Taken together, the four studies provide an integrated framework for understanding workplace vulnerability, illustrating how health, organizational practices, and communication dynamics collectively influence sustainable employment. The general discussion advances a vision of integrated prevention, emphasizing the need for shared responsibility among actors and systems, as well as for practices that strike a balance between standardization and flexibility to better support individuals.
Questa tesi di dottorato indaga come la vulnerabilità legata alla salute influenzi le esperienze e i percorsi lavorativi degli individui, ma anche le condizioni che consentono loro di mantenere un impiego in modo sostenibile. Basandosi su una prospettiva biopsicosociale e multisistemica, nella presente tesi viene esaminato come i fattori individuali, organizzativi e istituzionali si intrecciano nel sostenere o ostacolare l’occupabilità, in particolare per i lavoratori vulnerabili, ovvero che presentano malattie croniche o disabilità. La tesi è strutturata in quattro studi complementari. Il primo è una revisione di 28 studi quantitativi, che identifica i principali fattori (sia positivi che negativi) associati all'assenteismo tra i lavoratori vulnerabili. I risultati evidenziano il ruolo centrale delle variabili legate alla salute, come l'IMC, i disturbi cronici e muscoloscheletrici, il disagio, i problemi di sonno e la capacità lavorativa. A questi si aggiungono anche le dimensioni organizzative e socio-demografiche, tra cui il controllo del lavoro, il carico di lavoro fisico, il sostegno dei supervisori, l'età, il sesso, l'istruzione e il reddito. Il secondo studio si concentra sull'esperienza a lungo termine del lavoro completamente da remoto tra i dipendenti vulnerabili di una grande pubblica amministrazione italiana. Attraverso interviste qualitative semi-strutturate, è emerso come il lavoro completamente da remoto può aiutare a sostenere la salute e la continuità lavorativa quando offre flessibilità e autonomia. Tuttavia, può anche aumentare l'isolamento e avere un impatto negativo sull'identità professionale. Questi risultati sottolineano la necessità di un maggiore riconoscimento organizzativo e di pratiche di gestione più inclusive. Il terzo studio esamina come i quadri del settore pubblico gestiscono le situazioni di vulnerabilità sul posto di lavoro. In un contesto caratterizzato da burocrazia e normative rigide, molti dei partecipanti descrivono le politiche come rigide e limitanti, che lasciano poco spazio alla discrezionalità o ad adeguamenti personalizzati. Nonostante ciò, questi manager svolgono un ruolo chiave nella mediazione tra le regole istituzionali e le esigenze dei lavoratori e sottolineano come gestiscono situazioni complesse di tensione con una formazione e un sostegno insufficienti. Il quarto studio, condotto in Canada, indaga il modo in cui i responsabili diretti comunicano e coordinano con gli altri attori durante il processo di rientro al lavoro dopo disturbi mentali o muscoloscheletrici comuni. L'analisi rivela che la comunicazione relativa al rientro al lavoro ha una dimensione sia procedurale che relazionale, che coinvolge non solo il coordinamento pratico, ma anche la fiducia, l'empatia e la chiarezza. Tuttavia, essa è spesso ostacolata da ambiguità, collaborazione frammentaria e vincoli di tempo. Insieme, i quattro studi forniscono un quadro integrato della vulnerabilità sul posto di lavoro, illustrando come la salute, le pratiche organizzative e le dinamiche di comunicazione influenzino collettivamente l’occupabilità sostenibile di questa categoria di lavoratori. La discussione generale propone una visione di prevenzione integrata, sottolineando la necessità di una responsabilità condivisa tra i differenti attori e sistemi, ma anche di pratiche che trovino un equilibrio tra standardizzazione e flessibilità al servizio delle persone.
Bertolini, H (2026). Healthy and Sustainable Work Retention: An Integrated Prevention Approach from a Multi-Stakeholder’s Perspective. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Healthy and Sustainable Work Retention: An Integrated Prevention Approach from a Multi-Stakeholder’s Perspective
BERTOLINI, HELENE
2026
Abstract
This doctoral thesis examines how health-related vulnerability influences individuals' work experiences and career paths, as well as the conditions that enable them to maintain sustainable employment. Drawing on a biopsychosocial and multisystemic perspective, this thesis examines how individual, organizational, and institutional factors intersect to support or hinder the participation of vulnerable workers (i.e., with chronic diseases or disabilities). The thesis is structured in four complementary studies. The first is a scoping review of 28 quantitative studies, which identifies the main factors (both positive and negative) associated with absenteeism among vulnerable workers. The results highlight the central role of health-related variables, such as BMI, chronic and musculoskeletal disorders, distress, sleep problems, and work ability. In addition, work-related and socio-demographic factors also emerged, including control over work, physical workload, supervisor support, age, gender, education, and income. The second study focuses on the long-term experience of full-remote work among vulnerable employees in an Italian public administration. Through qualitative interviews, it is evident that full-remote work can help sustain health and job continuity when it offers flexibility and autonomy. However, it can also increase isolation and have a negative impact on one’s professional identity. These findings underscore the need for stronger organizational recognition and more inclusive management practices. The third study examines how public-sector employers manage situations of workplace vulnerability. In a context marked by bureaucracy and strict regulations, many describe policies as rigid and limiting, leaving little room for discretion or tailored accommodations. Despite this, employers play a key role in mediating between institutional rules and workers’ needs and highlight how they manage complex situations of tension with insufficient training and support. The fourth study, conducted in Canada, investigates how managers communicate and coordinate with other stakeholders during the return-to-work process after common mental or musculoskeletal disorders. The analysis reveals that return-to-work communication has both procedural and relational dimensions, involving not only practical coordination but also trust, empathy, and clarity. However, it is often challenged by ambiguity, fragmented collaboration, and time constraints. Taken together, the four studies provide an integrated framework for understanding workplace vulnerability, illustrating how health, organizational practices, and communication dynamics collectively influence sustainable employment. The general discussion advances a vision of integrated prevention, emphasizing the need for shared responsibility among actors and systems, as well as for practices that strike a balance between standardization and flexibility to better support individuals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Healthy and Sustainable Work Retention: An Integrated Prevention Approach from a Multi-Stakeholder’s Perspective
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