Coastal environments represent transitional systems where terrestrial and marine processes interact dynamically, shaping highly diverse and fragile landscapes that are increasingly threatened by natural and anthropogenic pressures. Understanding the morphology and evolution of these areas requires integrated approaches capable of bridging the methodological gap between terrestrial and marine domains. This thesis addresses this challenge by developing and applying advanced geomorphological mapping techniques and multi-sensor data integration strategies to investigate coastal and marine geohazards and environmental changes across different spatial and temporal scales.The research follows a multi-layered methodological framework that combines conceptual, technical, and quantitative integration of data and approaches. Through this framework, the study seeks to demonstrate that seamless geomorphological analysis can provide a comprehensive understanding of the coastal zone as a single, continuous system, and that such understanding is essential for geohazard assessment, environmental monitoring, and sustainable management.The CresciBluReef project provides a conceptual case study focused on the integration of geomorphological and biological evidence to reconstruct the environmental evolution in the area off Marzamemi, southeastern Sicily. High-resolution bathymetry and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) imagery reveal submerged terraces and coralligenous buildups shaped by the interplay of Holocene sea-level oscillations, crustal uplift, and biogenic accretion. These findings refine local uplift rates, define morphological indicators of tectonic stability, and offer new insights into the resilience of bioconstructions under changing environmental conditions. The BridgET project embodies technical integration by developing workflows for producing seamless, high-accuracy Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that connect land and sea. By combining Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) data, this project demonstrates how semless models improve hazard modelling and morphological analysis. Furthermore, BridgET highlights the potential of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environments to visualize geological data and foster participatory learning in hazard awareness and coastal planning. These applications represent a step toward digital transformation in marine sciences, where spatial data become interactive tools for research, education, and decision-making. The Methane Seep Hunting project is focused on quantitative analyses by combining bathymetric, seismic, chemical, and biological data to characterize methane seeps and pockmark fields in the Colombian Caribbean. The identification of active fluid escape features and the analysis of their spatial relationships with structural and sedimentary controls reveal their geohazard potential. Collectively, the results demonstrate that integrating terrestrial and marine datasets enhances the accuracy, interoperability, and interpretive power of geomorphological analyses. The thesis highlights the relevance of these methods for identifying and managing geohazards such as coastal erosion, slope instability, and fluid-driven seafloor deformation, as well as for understanding processes related to sea-level change and climate impacts. The research also emphasizes the role of advanced visualization technologies and digital infrastructures in promoting open, reproducible, and participatory coastal science. By bridging traditional disciplinary boundaries, this work contributes to the development of a unified geomorphological framework for coastal and marine environments. It provides methodological foundations for future applications in Digital Twin technologies, immersive geospatial education, and integrated environmental management, supporting the transition toward a systemic understanding of the coastal zone as an interconnected, evolving landscape.
Gli ambienti costieri rappresentano sistemi transizionali in cui processi terrestri e marini interagiscono dinamicamente, modellando paesaggi diversificati e fragili, sempre più minacciati da pressioni naturali e antropiche. Comprendere la morfologia e l’evoluzione di queste aree richiede approcci integrati, capaci di colmare il divario metodologico tra il dominio terrestre e marino. Questa tesi affronta tale sfida sviluppando e applicando tecniche avanzate di mappatura geomorfologica e strategie di integrazione multisensore per indagare geohazard costieri e marini e cambiamenti ambientali su diverse scale spaziali e temporali. La ricerca segue un quadro metodologico multilivello che combina l’integrazione concettuale, tecnica e quantitativa di dati. Attraverso tale struttura, lo studio dimostra come un’analisi geomorfologica continua possa offrire una comprensione completa della zona costiera come sistema unico e interconnesso, fondamentale per la valutazione dei rischi, il monitoraggio ambientale e la gestione sostenibile. Il progetto CresciBluReef costituisce un caso di studio concettuale focalizzato sull’integrazione di evidenze geomorfologiche e biologiche nell’area di Marzamemi, Sicilia. La batimetria ad alta risoluzione e le immagini ROV rivelano terrazzi sommersi e biocostruzioni di coralligeno modellati dall’interazione tra oscillazioni oloceniche del livello del mare, sollevamento crostale e accrezione biogenica. Questi risultati affinano le stime di sollevamento locale, definiscono indicatori morfologici di stabilità tettonica e offrono nuove prospettive sulla resilienza di queste biocostruzioni in condizioni ambientali mutevoli. Il progetto BridgET incarna l’integrazione tecnica sviluppando flussi di lavoro per la produzione di Modelli Digitali di Elevazione (DEM) continui e ad alta precisione. Combinando fotogrammetria da droni, LiDAR terrestre e dati batimetrici, il progetto dimostra come i modelli continui terra-mare possono migliorare la modellazione dei rischi e l’analisi morfologica. Inoltre, BridgET evidenzia il potenziale degli ambienti di Realtà Virtuale (VR) immersiva per visualizzare dati geologici anche come strumento di didattica. Queste applicazioni rappresentano un passo verso la trasformazione digitale delle scienze marine, in cui i dati spaziali diventano strumenti interattivi per ricerca, didattica e decisione. Il progetto Methane Seep Hunting si concentra sull’analisi quantitativa, combinando dati batimetrici, sismici, chimici e biologici per caratterizzare seep metanici e campi di pockmark nel Mar dei Caraibi colombiano. L’identificazione di strutture attive di fuoriuscita di fluidi e l’analisi delle loro relazioni spaziali con controlli strutturali e sedimentari rivelano il loro potenziale geohazard. Complessivamente, i risultati dimostrano che l’integrazione di dataset terrestri e marini aumenta accuratezza, interoperabilità e capacità interpretativa delle analisi geomorfologiche. La tesi sottolinea la rilevanza di tali metodi per l’identificazione e la gestione di pericoli naturali quali erosione costiera, instabilità dei versanti e deformazioni del fondale guidate da fluidi, nonché per la comprensione dei processi legati a variazioni del livello marino e impatti climatici. La ricerca evidenzia inoltre il ruolo delle tecnologie di visualizzazione avanzate e delle infrastrutture digitali nel promuovere una scienza costiera aperta, riproducibile e partecipativa. Colmando i confini disciplinari tradizionali, questo lavoro contribuisce allo sviluppo di un quadro geomorfologico unificato per ambienti costieri e marini, fornendo basi metodologiche per future applicazioni nelle tecnologie di Digital Twin, nell’educazione geospaziale immersiva e nella gestione ambientale integrata, sostenendo la transizione verso una visione sistemica della zona costiera come paesaggio interconnesso ed evolutivo.
Varzi, A (2026). The use of advanced geomorphological mapping techniques for innovative research in the science of marine geohazard and environmental changes in coastal environments. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
The use of advanced geomorphological mapping techniques for innovative research in the science of marine geohazard and environmental changes in coastal environments
VARZI, ANDREA GIULIA
2026
Abstract
Coastal environments represent transitional systems where terrestrial and marine processes interact dynamically, shaping highly diverse and fragile landscapes that are increasingly threatened by natural and anthropogenic pressures. Understanding the morphology and evolution of these areas requires integrated approaches capable of bridging the methodological gap between terrestrial and marine domains. This thesis addresses this challenge by developing and applying advanced geomorphological mapping techniques and multi-sensor data integration strategies to investigate coastal and marine geohazards and environmental changes across different spatial and temporal scales.The research follows a multi-layered methodological framework that combines conceptual, technical, and quantitative integration of data and approaches. Through this framework, the study seeks to demonstrate that seamless geomorphological analysis can provide a comprehensive understanding of the coastal zone as a single, continuous system, and that such understanding is essential for geohazard assessment, environmental monitoring, and sustainable management.The CresciBluReef project provides a conceptual case study focused on the integration of geomorphological and biological evidence to reconstruct the environmental evolution in the area off Marzamemi, southeastern Sicily. High-resolution bathymetry and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) imagery reveal submerged terraces and coralligenous buildups shaped by the interplay of Holocene sea-level oscillations, crustal uplift, and biogenic accretion. These findings refine local uplift rates, define morphological indicators of tectonic stability, and offer new insights into the resilience of bioconstructions under changing environmental conditions. The BridgET project embodies technical integration by developing workflows for producing seamless, high-accuracy Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that connect land and sea. By combining Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) data, this project demonstrates how semless models improve hazard modelling and morphological analysis. Furthermore, BridgET highlights the potential of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environments to visualize geological data and foster participatory learning in hazard awareness and coastal planning. These applications represent a step toward digital transformation in marine sciences, where spatial data become interactive tools for research, education, and decision-making. The Methane Seep Hunting project is focused on quantitative analyses by combining bathymetric, seismic, chemical, and biological data to characterize methane seeps and pockmark fields in the Colombian Caribbean. The identification of active fluid escape features and the analysis of their spatial relationships with structural and sedimentary controls reveal their geohazard potential. Collectively, the results demonstrate that integrating terrestrial and marine datasets enhances the accuracy, interoperability, and interpretive power of geomorphological analyses. The thesis highlights the relevance of these methods for identifying and managing geohazards such as coastal erosion, slope instability, and fluid-driven seafloor deformation, as well as for understanding processes related to sea-level change and climate impacts. The research also emphasizes the role of advanced visualization technologies and digital infrastructures in promoting open, reproducible, and participatory coastal science. By bridging traditional disciplinary boundaries, this work contributes to the development of a unified geomorphological framework for coastal and marine environments. It provides methodological foundations for future applications in Digital Twin technologies, immersive geospatial education, and integrated environmental management, supporting the transition toward a systemic understanding of the coastal zone as an interconnected, evolving landscape.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: The use of advanced geomorphological mapping techniques for innovative research in the science of marine geohazard and environmental changes in coastal environments
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Doctoral thesis
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