This doctoral thesis, conducted in the Translational and Molecular Medicine program at the University of Milano-Bicocca, addresses the crucial role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in neocortical synaptogenesis and in a genetic form of sleep-related epilepsy, called ADSHE (Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy). The thesis examines how alterations in nicotinic receptors, both gain- and loss-of-function, converge on specific mechanisms in different populations of inhibitory cells, during critical developmental periods and in the mature brain, leading to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition at the cortical level and thus network hyperexcitability. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive review of the cerebral cholinergic system, the biophysical properties of nAChR subtypes involved in ADSHE, and the genetic and experimental evidence emerged in recent years. In Chapter 2, the results demonstrate how early nicotinic hyperactivity alters NRG1/ErbB4 signaling at the level of glutamatergic synapses on parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons, causing permanent disinhibition and increasing network excitability. In Chapter 3, a de novo variant of CHRNA2 (p.Leu313Phe), encoding the α2 subunit of nAChRs, is functionally characterized, revealing a reduction in channel opening in α2β4 receptors. This defect suggests reduced recruitment of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons, which would contribute to the onset of epileptic seizures during non-REM sleep. The results of this thesis point to a unified mechanistic model that identifies two distinct pathways toward cortical disinhibition and suggests targeted therapeutic approaches, underscoring the importance of precision medicine in genetic epilepsies.
Questa tesi di dottorato, condotta nel programma di Translational and Molecular Medicine presso l'Università di Milano-Bicocca, affronta il ruolo cruciale dei ricettori nicotinici dell'acetilcolina (nAChR) nella sinaptogenesi neocorticale e in una forma genetica di epilessia legata al sonno, chiamata ADSHE (Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy). La tesi esamina come alterazioni nei ricettori nicotinici, sia guadagni che perdite di funzione, convergano su meccanismi specifici in diverse popolazioni di cellule inibitorie, durante periodi critici dello sviluppo e nel cervello adulto, portando a uno squilibrio tra eccitazione e inibizione a livello corticale e quindi all'ipereccitabilità della rete. Il Capitolo 1 presenta una rassegna completa del sistema colinergico cerebrale, le proprietà biofisiche dei sottotipi di nAChR coinvolti nell'ADSHE, e le evidenze genetiche e sperimentali emerse negli ultimi anni. Nel Capitolo 2, la ricerca dimostra come l'iperattività nicotinica precoce alteri il segnale NRG1/ErbB4 a livello delle sinapsi glutamatergiche sui neuroni inibitori parvalbumina-positivi, causando una disinibizione permanente e aumentando l'eccitabilità della rete. Nel Capitolo 3, una variante de novo del gene CHRNA2 (p.Leu313Phe), codificante per la subunità α2 dei nAChR, viene caratterizzata funzionalmente, rivelando una riduzione dell’apertura del canale nei recettori α2β4. Questo difetto suggerisce un ridotto reclutamento dei neuroni inibitori somatostatina-positivi, che contribuirebbe all’insorgenza di crisi epilettiche durante il sonno non-REM. I risultati di questa tesi vengono integrati in un modello meccanicistico unificato che identifica due percorsi distinti verso la disinibizione corticale e suggerisce approcci terapeutici mirati, sottolineando l'importanza della medicina di precisione nell'epilessie genetiche.
Cerina, M (2026). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neocortical synaptogenesis and sleep-related epilepsy. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neocortical synaptogenesis and sleep-related epilepsy
CERINA, MARTA
2026
Abstract
This doctoral thesis, conducted in the Translational and Molecular Medicine program at the University of Milano-Bicocca, addresses the crucial role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in neocortical synaptogenesis and in a genetic form of sleep-related epilepsy, called ADSHE (Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy). The thesis examines how alterations in nicotinic receptors, both gain- and loss-of-function, converge on specific mechanisms in different populations of inhibitory cells, during critical developmental periods and in the mature brain, leading to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition at the cortical level and thus network hyperexcitability. Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive review of the cerebral cholinergic system, the biophysical properties of nAChR subtypes involved in ADSHE, and the genetic and experimental evidence emerged in recent years. In Chapter 2, the results demonstrate how early nicotinic hyperactivity alters NRG1/ErbB4 signaling at the level of glutamatergic synapses on parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons, causing permanent disinhibition and increasing network excitability. In Chapter 3, a de novo variant of CHRNA2 (p.Leu313Phe), encoding the α2 subunit of nAChRs, is functionally characterized, revealing a reduction in channel opening in α2β4 receptors. This defect suggests reduced recruitment of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons, which would contribute to the onset of epileptic seizures during non-REM sleep. The results of this thesis point to a unified mechanistic model that identifies two distinct pathways toward cortical disinhibition and suggests targeted therapeutic approaches, underscoring the importance of precision medicine in genetic epilepsies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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