Social cognition, defined as the ability to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately to social information, is increasingly recognized as a core component of human cognition and a crucial determinant of functional outcomes in neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, its clinical assessment remains limited by a series of barriers, including the lack of standardized and psychometrically sound tools. The overarching aim of this doctoral thesis was to address these challenges by developing, validating, and standardizing two new instruments for the neuropsychological assessment of social cognition: the Brief Examination of Social Abilities (BE-SociAble) and the Seeing Emotion in the Eyes (SEE). For each test, three studies were performed. The three studies on the BE-SociAble describe its development, clinical validation, and standardization. Study 1 involved the design and pilot validation of tasks covering social perception, theory of mind, empathy, and moral reasoning. Study 2 demonstrated the test’s feasibility and discriminative validity in neurological and psychiatric populations. The BE-SociAble distinguished defective from non-defective patients and healthy controls, and correlated with other social cognition measures but not with empathy self-reports. Study 3 confirmed good internal consistency, acceptable test–retest reliability, and a unidimensional factorial structure, supporting the use of a total score. The test showed convergent validity with emotion recognition and ToM measures and independence from general cognition, except for a modest association with global functioning. The SEE was developed and validated through three complementary studies. Study 1 produced the final 48-item version, demonstrating high internal consistency and meaningful correlations with emotion understanding and mental states recognition, indicating good convergence with related constructs. Study 2 confirmed the SEE’s clinical usability and diagnostic accuracy across neurological and psychiatric patients. Its performance was primarily associated with emotion recognition tasks, with only minor influence from global cognition. Study 3 provided normative data for the Italian population and confirmed the psychometric robustness and comparability between digital and paper-and-pencil versions. Overall, this thesis offers novel, standardized, and clinically feasible tools that bridge the gap between experimental paradigms and clinical neuropsychology. The BE-SociAble and SEE contribute to improving the assessment of social cognition, promoting its integration into everyday clinical practice.

La cognizione sociale, definita come la capacità di percepire, interpretare e rispondere in modo adeguato alle informazioni di natura sociale, è sempre più riconosciuta come una componente fondamentale della cognizione umana e cruciale per comprendere il funzionamento patologico in diverse condizioni neurologiche e psichiatriche. Tuttavia, la sua valutazione clinica rimane limitata da una serie di ostacoli, tra cui la mancanza di strumenti standardizzati e psicometricamente solidi. L’obiettivo generale di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di affrontare tali criticità attraverso lo sviluppo, la validazione e la standardizzazione di due nuovi strumenti per la valutazione neuropsicologica della cognizione sociale: il Brief Examination of Social Abilities (BE-SociAble) e il Seeing Emotion in the Eyes (SEE). Per ciascun test sono stati condotti tre studi. I tre studi relativi al BE-SociAble descrivono il suo sviluppo, la validazione clinica e la standardizzazione. Lo Studio 1 ha riguardato la progettazione e la validazione pilota di compiti che indagano la percezione sociale, la teoria della mente, l’empatia e il ragionamento morale. Lo Studio 2 ha dimostrato la fattibilità e la validità discriminante del test in popolazioni neurologiche e psichiatriche. Il BE-SociAble ha distinto in modo efficace i pazienti con deficit socio-cognitivi da quelli senza deficit e dai controlli sani, mostrando correlazioni con altre misure di cognizione sociale ma non con le autovalutazioni di empatia. Lo Studio 3 ha confermato una buona consistenza interna, un’affidabilità test–retest accettabile e una struttura fattoriale unidimensionale, a supporto dell’utilizzo di un punteggio totale. Il test ha mostrato validità convergente con misure di riconoscimento emotivo e di teoria della mente, e indipendenza dalla cognizione generale, salvo una modesta associazione con il funzionamento globale. Il SEE è stato sviluppato e validato attraverso tre studi complementari. Lo Studio 1 ha portato alla versione finale a 48 item, dimostrando un’elevata consistenza interna e correlazioni significative con la comprensione delle emozioni e il riconoscimento degli stati mentali, a sostegno di una buona convergenza con costrutti affini. Lo Studio 2 ha confermato l’usabilità clinica e l’accuratezza diagnostica del SEE in pazienti neurologici e psichiatrici. Le prestazioni del test risultavano principalmente associate a compiti di riconoscimento emotivo, con un’influenza solo marginale della cognizione generale. Nello Studio 3 sono stati forniti i dati normativi per la popolazione italiana ed è stata confermata la robustezza psicometrica e la comparabilità tra le versioni digitale e cartacea. Nel complesso, questa tesi propone strumenti innovativi, standardizzati e clinicamente applicabili, capaci di colmare il divario tra paradigmi sperimentali e neuropsicologia clinica, favorendone l’integrazione sistematica nella pratica clinica quotidiana.

Franca, M (2026). Mind the (social) gap: Development of novel tools for the assessment of Social Cognition in clinical practice. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Mind the (social) gap: Development of novel tools for the assessment of Social Cognition in clinical practice

FRANCA, MARIA
2026

Abstract

Social cognition, defined as the ability to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately to social information, is increasingly recognized as a core component of human cognition and a crucial determinant of functional outcomes in neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, its clinical assessment remains limited by a series of barriers, including the lack of standardized and psychometrically sound tools. The overarching aim of this doctoral thesis was to address these challenges by developing, validating, and standardizing two new instruments for the neuropsychological assessment of social cognition: the Brief Examination of Social Abilities (BE-SociAble) and the Seeing Emotion in the Eyes (SEE). For each test, three studies were performed. The three studies on the BE-SociAble describe its development, clinical validation, and standardization. Study 1 involved the design and pilot validation of tasks covering social perception, theory of mind, empathy, and moral reasoning. Study 2 demonstrated the test’s feasibility and discriminative validity in neurological and psychiatric populations. The BE-SociAble distinguished defective from non-defective patients and healthy controls, and correlated with other social cognition measures but not with empathy self-reports. Study 3 confirmed good internal consistency, acceptable test–retest reliability, and a unidimensional factorial structure, supporting the use of a total score. The test showed convergent validity with emotion recognition and ToM measures and independence from general cognition, except for a modest association with global functioning. The SEE was developed and validated through three complementary studies. Study 1 produced the final 48-item version, demonstrating high internal consistency and meaningful correlations with emotion understanding and mental states recognition, indicating good convergence with related constructs. Study 2 confirmed the SEE’s clinical usability and diagnostic accuracy across neurological and psychiatric patients. Its performance was primarily associated with emotion recognition tasks, with only minor influence from global cognition. Study 3 provided normative data for the Italian population and confirmed the psychometric robustness and comparability between digital and paper-and-pencil versions. Overall, this thesis offers novel, standardized, and clinically feasible tools that bridge the gap between experimental paradigms and clinical neuropsychology. The BE-SociAble and SEE contribute to improving the assessment of social cognition, promoting its integration into everyday clinical practice.
BOLOGNINI, NADIA
Cognizione Sociale; Neuropsicologia; Test; Dati normativi; Usabilità clinica
Social Cognition; Neuropsychology; Clinical Assessment; Normative data; Clinical usability
Italian
16-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
embargoed_20290216
Franca, M (2026). Mind the (social) gap: Development of novel tools for the assessment of Social Cognition in clinical practice. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610621
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