This thesis examines how national and local institutional configurations shape the discretionary practices of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) engaged in the implementation of Minimum Income Schemes (MIS) in Italy and France. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of the Assegno di Inclusione (formerly Reddito di Cittadinanza) in Milan and the Revenu de Solidarité Active in Strasbourg, the study investigates how case managers in social paths navigate the tensions between control and care, conditionality and inclusion, within activation-oriented welfare systems. The research combines desk analysis with 53 semi-structured interviews conducted with case managers and key informants, with the use of vignettes as a comparative tool. Findings show that discretion functions as a crucial resource in everyday professional practice, allowing practitioners to interpret and adapt policy frameworks to the specificities of individual cases. At the same time, managerial logics and digitalized monitoring tools increasingly constrain their room for manoeuvre, introducing tensions between the goals of efficiency and those of social support. The comparative analysis highlights how institutional and organizational settings, such as governance structures, decentralization, and accountability mechanisms, deeply influence the ways activation policies are translated into practice. In Milan, resource scarcity and a high degree of conditionality reinforce control-oriented approaches, whereas in Strasbourg, a more consolidated welfare framework and stronger inter-organizational collaboration enable broader spaces of professional agency. Therefore, this thesis contributes to the literature on street-level bureaucracy by showing how discretion remains an essential dimension in the governance of poverty, mediating the intersection between institutional norms, managerial constraints, and the relational nature of social work.

Questa tesi esamina come le configurazioni istituzionali nazionali e locali plasmano le pratiche discrezionali dei funzionari di livello operativo (street-level bureaucrats, SLB) impegnati nell’attuazione degli Schemi di Reddito Minimo (Minimum Income Schemes, MIS) in Italia e in Francia. Attraverso un’analisi qualitativa e comparativa dell’Assegno di Inclusione (ex Reddito di Cittadinanza) a Milano e del Revenu de Solidarité Active a Strasburgo, lo studio indaga come i case managers dei percorsi sociali gestiscono le tensioni tra controllo e cura, condizionalità e inclusione, all’interno di sistemi di welfare orientati all’attivazione. La ricerca combina un’analisi documentale con 53 interviste semi-strutturate condotte con case manager e testimoni privilegiati, integrandole con delle vignette come strumento comparativo. I risultati mostrano che la discrezionalità funge da risorsa cruciale nella pratica professionale quotidiana dei case managers, permettendo agli operatori di interpretare e adattare i quadri normativi alle specificità dei singoli casi. Allo stesso tempo, le logiche manageriali e gli strumenti di monitoraggio digitalizzati limitano sempre più il loro margine di manovra, introducendo tensioni tra gli obiettivi di efficienza e quelli di sostegno sociale. L’analisi comparativa evidenzia come contesti istituzionali e organizzativi, quali strutture di governance, decentramento e meccanismi di accountability, influenzino profondamente il modo in cui le politiche di attivazione vengono tradotte nella pratica. A Milano, la scarsità di risorse e un elevato grado di condizionalità rafforzano approcci orientati al controllo, mentre a Strasburgo, un quadro di welfare più consolidato e una collaborazione inter-organizzativa più forte consentono spazi più ampi di autonomia professionale. La tesi contribuisce quindi alla letteratura sulla burocrazia di livello operativo mostrando come la discrezionalità rimanga una dimensione essenziale nella governance della povertà, mediando l’intersezione tra norme istituzionali, vincoli manageriali e la natura relazionale del lavoro sociale.

Pernetti, A (2026). Working in the Margins: Discretion and Professional Practices in Minimum Income Schemes. The Case of Milan and Strasbourg. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Working in the Margins: Discretion and Professional Practices in Minimum Income Schemes. The Case of Milan and Strasbourg

PERNETTI, ALESSANDRA
2026

Abstract

This thesis examines how national and local institutional configurations shape the discretionary practices of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) engaged in the implementation of Minimum Income Schemes (MIS) in Italy and France. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of the Assegno di Inclusione (formerly Reddito di Cittadinanza) in Milan and the Revenu de Solidarité Active in Strasbourg, the study investigates how case managers in social paths navigate the tensions between control and care, conditionality and inclusion, within activation-oriented welfare systems. The research combines desk analysis with 53 semi-structured interviews conducted with case managers and key informants, with the use of vignettes as a comparative tool. Findings show that discretion functions as a crucial resource in everyday professional practice, allowing practitioners to interpret and adapt policy frameworks to the specificities of individual cases. At the same time, managerial logics and digitalized monitoring tools increasingly constrain their room for manoeuvre, introducing tensions between the goals of efficiency and those of social support. The comparative analysis highlights how institutional and organizational settings, such as governance structures, decentralization, and accountability mechanisms, deeply influence the ways activation policies are translated into practice. In Milan, resource scarcity and a high degree of conditionality reinforce control-oriented approaches, whereas in Strasbourg, a more consolidated welfare framework and stronger inter-organizational collaboration enable broader spaces of professional agency. Therefore, this thesis contributes to the literature on street-level bureaucracy by showing how discretion remains an essential dimension in the governance of poverty, mediating the intersection between institutional norms, managerial constraints, and the relational nature of social work.
ROSSI, PAOLO
Street-level; Politiche sociali; Redditi Minimi; Povertà; Discrezionalità
Street-Level; Social Policies; Minimum Income; Poverty; Discretion
English
11-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
embargoed_20290211
Pernetti, A (2026). Working in the Margins: Discretion and Professional Practices in Minimum Income Schemes. The Case of Milan and Strasbourg. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Descrizione: Working in the Margins: Discretion and Professional Practices in Minimum Income Schemes. The Case of Milan and Strasbourg.
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610610
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