Neoliberal urbanism is an open-ended phenomenon that exploits and (re-)produces uneven socio- spatial differences, characterized by geographical variability, trans-locality and multi-scalarity. One mechanism not only unleashed by neoliberal urbanism, but also a symbol of it, is gentrification, understood both as a process of urban renewal, leading to the arrival of higher-income residents, and as a metaphor for processes of mainstreaming and commodification of everyday life and culture, leading to the marginalization of critical culture through a widespread exercise of discrediting, exclusion, and censorship. The independent screamo music scene in Italy, and especially in Milan – where the effects on housing market and cultural policies are particularly visible in Europe – represents the perfect case study. As a popular music genre, screamo – an offshoot of hardcore punk music – is more susceptible to the dynamics of commodification, but simultaneously it risks promoting social hegemony. Music thus becomes a field of struggle between processes of gentrification and commodification on the one hand, and practices of resistance to them on the other – i.e., the activities, techniques and resources performed by individuals to voice their dissent, to reclaim space, to construct meanings of aggregation and participation, and more generally, to undermine forms of power. Based on 13 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork conducted mainly in Milan and comparatively extended to other urban and non-urban contexts primarily in North-Central Italy, the analysis combines participant observation at events (including the organization of a screamo festival) with semi-structured interviews with independent collectives. Using a Ground Theory-informed analytical approach, the research examines how the screamo scene – understood as a set of practices, hard and soft infrastructures, and affective relations – reacts to the spatial, political, and cultural challenges imposed by late neoliberalism, including eviction and displacement, self-commodification and aestheticization of peripherality, which together reshape the conditions of urban belonging and artistic autonomy. Through a multi-scalar lens, the thesis explores how the scene navigates tensions between centrality/peripherality and visibility/resistance, generating alternative spatial configurations that reimagine the periphery (physical and symbolic) as a site of cooperation, mutual care and autonomy. Gentrification emerges both as an external process of urban renewal and as an internal process of spectacularization and self-commodification. Yet, practices of resistance emerge at different scales: at the micro level, everyday DIY practices like performance styles and embodied aesthetics reaffirm dissent and authenticity; at the meso level, collective efforts like the organization of events, the occupation and self-management of autonomous spaces, and the circulation of resources support networks of collaboration; at the macro level, anti-gentrification symbolic practices and discourses consolidate the political and cultural visibility of the scene. Generational change and a growing awareness around gender and inclusivity issues further reshape scene’s ethical and political contours, while digital infrastructures extend its reach as tools for both connection and critique. Ultimately, the study argues that gentrification and resistance are co-constitutive and relational processes. The screamo scene is embedded and operates within neoliberal urbanism, appropriating its tools to sustain autonomy, and turning instability into a collective practice of creativity, mutual care, and resistance. This multi-scalar understanding reveals how underground music cultures negotiate their existence, reshaping the spaces, relations and imaginaries through which the contemporary city is produced.

Il neoliberalismo urbano è un fenomeno aperto che sfrutta e (ri)produce disparità socio-spaziali, caratterizzate da variabilità geografica, trans-località e multi-scalarità. Un meccanismo non solo scatenato dal neoliberalismo urbano, ma anche simbolo dello stesso, è la gentrificazione, intesa sia come processo di rinnovamento urbano, che porta all'arrivo di residenti con redditi più elevati, sia come metafora dei processi di mainstreaming e mercificazione della vita quotidiana e della cultura, che emarginano la cultura critica attraverso un esercizio diffuso di screditamento, esclusione e censura. La scena musicale indipendente screamo in Italia, e in particolare a Milano – dove gli effetti sul mercato immobiliare e sulle politiche culturali sono particolarmente visibili in Europa – rappresenta un caso di studio ideale. Essendo un genere di popular music, lo screamo – una derivazione dell’hardcore punk – è più suscettibile a dinamiche di mercificazione, ma allo stesso tempo rischia di promuovere egemonia sociale. La musica diventa così un campo di lotta tra processi di gentrificazione e mercificazione da un lato e pratiche di resistenza ad essi dall’altro – cioè le attività, le tecniche e le risorse messe in atto dagli individui per esprimere il proprio dissenso, rivendicare spazi, costruire significati di aggregazione e partecipazione e, più in generale, minare le forme di potere. Basata su 13 mesi di ricerca etnografica multi-situata condotta principalmente a Milano ed estesa in modo comparativo ad altri contesti urbani e non urbani, principalmente in Nord e Centro Italia, l'analisi combina osservazione partecipata ad eventi (tra cui l'organizzazione di un festival screamo) con interviste semi-strutturate a collettivi indipendenti. Adottando un approccio analitico induttivo informato dai principi della Ground Theory, la ricerca esamina come la scena screamo – intesa come un insieme di pratiche, infrastrutture e relazioni affettive – reagisce alle sfide spaziali, politiche e culturali imposte dal tardo neoliberismo, tra cui sfratti, dislocamento, auto-mercificazione ed estetizzazione della perifericità, che insieme rimodellano le condizioni di appartenenza urbana e autonomia artistica. Attraverso una lente multi-scalare, la tesi analizza come la scena gestisce le tensioni tra centralità/perifericità e visibilità/resistenza, generando configurazioni spaziali alternative che reimmaginano la periferia (fisica e simbolica) come luogo di cooperazione, cura reciproca e autonomia. La gentrificazione emerge sia come processo esterno di rinnovamento urbano sia come processo interno di spettacolarizzazione, in risposta a cui pratiche di resistenza emergono a diversi livelli: a livello micro, le pratiche quotidiane DIY come gli stili estetici e delle performance riaffermano il dissenso e l'autenticità; a livello meso, gli sforzi collettivi come l'organizzazione di eventi, l'occupazione e l'autogestione di spazi autonomi e la circolazione delle risorse sostengono le reti di collaborazione; a livello macro, le pratiche simboliche e i discorsi anti-gentrificazione consolidano la visibilità politica e culturale della scena. Il cambiamento generazionale e una crescente consapevolezza delle questioni di genere e inclusività rimodellano ulteriormente i contorni etici e politici della scena, mentre le infrastrutture digitali ne ampliano la portata come strumenti sia di connessione che di critica. In definitiva, la tesi sostiene che gentrificazione e resistenza sono processi co-costitutivi e relazionali. La scena screamo, integrata nel neoliberalismo urbano, si appropria dei suoi strumenti per sostenere la propria autonomia, trasformando l'instabilità in una pratica collettiva di creatività, cura reciproca e resistenza. Le culture musicali underground appaiono così come forze capaci di negoziare la loro esistenza, e rimodellare spazi, relazioni e immaginari della città contemporanea.

Borodi, V (2026). THE INDEPENDENT SCREAMO MUSIC SCENE AND PRACTICES OF RESISTANCE TO GENTRIFICATION: A MULTI-SITED ETHNOGRAPHY IN MILAN AND NORTH-CENTRAL ITALY. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

THE INDEPENDENT SCREAMO MUSIC SCENE AND PRACTICES OF RESISTANCE TO GENTRIFICATION: A MULTI-SITED ETHNOGRAPHY IN MILAN AND NORTH-CENTRAL ITALY

BORODI, VALERIA MARINA
2026

Abstract

Neoliberal urbanism is an open-ended phenomenon that exploits and (re-)produces uneven socio- spatial differences, characterized by geographical variability, trans-locality and multi-scalarity. One mechanism not only unleashed by neoliberal urbanism, but also a symbol of it, is gentrification, understood both as a process of urban renewal, leading to the arrival of higher-income residents, and as a metaphor for processes of mainstreaming and commodification of everyday life and culture, leading to the marginalization of critical culture through a widespread exercise of discrediting, exclusion, and censorship. The independent screamo music scene in Italy, and especially in Milan – where the effects on housing market and cultural policies are particularly visible in Europe – represents the perfect case study. As a popular music genre, screamo – an offshoot of hardcore punk music – is more susceptible to the dynamics of commodification, but simultaneously it risks promoting social hegemony. Music thus becomes a field of struggle between processes of gentrification and commodification on the one hand, and practices of resistance to them on the other – i.e., the activities, techniques and resources performed by individuals to voice their dissent, to reclaim space, to construct meanings of aggregation and participation, and more generally, to undermine forms of power. Based on 13 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork conducted mainly in Milan and comparatively extended to other urban and non-urban contexts primarily in North-Central Italy, the analysis combines participant observation at events (including the organization of a screamo festival) with semi-structured interviews with independent collectives. Using a Ground Theory-informed analytical approach, the research examines how the screamo scene – understood as a set of practices, hard and soft infrastructures, and affective relations – reacts to the spatial, political, and cultural challenges imposed by late neoliberalism, including eviction and displacement, self-commodification and aestheticization of peripherality, which together reshape the conditions of urban belonging and artistic autonomy. Through a multi-scalar lens, the thesis explores how the scene navigates tensions between centrality/peripherality and visibility/resistance, generating alternative spatial configurations that reimagine the periphery (physical and symbolic) as a site of cooperation, mutual care and autonomy. Gentrification emerges both as an external process of urban renewal and as an internal process of spectacularization and self-commodification. Yet, practices of resistance emerge at different scales: at the micro level, everyday DIY practices like performance styles and embodied aesthetics reaffirm dissent and authenticity; at the meso level, collective efforts like the organization of events, the occupation and self-management of autonomous spaces, and the circulation of resources support networks of collaboration; at the macro level, anti-gentrification symbolic practices and discourses consolidate the political and cultural visibility of the scene. Generational change and a growing awareness around gender and inclusivity issues further reshape scene’s ethical and political contours, while digital infrastructures extend its reach as tools for both connection and critique. Ultimately, the study argues that gentrification and resistance are co-constitutive and relational processes. The screamo scene is embedded and operates within neoliberal urbanism, appropriating its tools to sustain autonomy, and turning instability into a collective practice of creativity, mutual care, and resistance. This multi-scalar understanding reveals how underground music cultures negotiate their existence, reshaping the spaces, relations and imaginaries through which the contemporary city is produced.
D'OVIDIO, MARIANNA
neoliberal urbanism; gentrificazione; resistenza; scene musicali; etnografia
neoliberal urbanism; gentrification; resistance practices; music scenes; ethnography
Settore GSPS-08/B - Sociologia dell'ambiente e del territorio
English
18-feb-2026
38
2024/2025
open
Borodi, V (2026). THE INDEPENDENT SCREAMO MUSIC SCENE AND PRACTICES OF RESISTANCE TO GENTRIFICATION: A MULTI-SITED ETHNOGRAPHY IN MILAN AND NORTH-CENTRAL ITALY. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/610594
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